NSG./533./Exam./3
1. What. / are. / the. / major. / pathophysiologic. / characteristics. / associated. / with. / ast
h-
ma:./Wheezing,./SOB,./Chest./tightness,./Cough../Contraction./of./airway./smooth./muscle,./increased./mucus./production,.
/airway./edema,./remodeling
2. Asthma:./Characterized./by./variable,./reversible./episodes./of./brochoconstriction,./late./inflammation./and./bron-
chospasm
3. What./are./precipitating./factors./and./triggers./associated./with./asthma?:./Exercise
,./allergen./exposure,./weather./changes,./respiratory./infection
4. After./a./diagnosis./is./made,./what./factors./are./used./to./determine./the./compo-
nents. / of. / severity?:. / Daytime./asthma./symptoms./>./2X./per./week,./nighttime./awakenings,./reliever./for./sympt
oms
>./2X./per./week,./activity./limitation./d/t./asthma
5. What./are./quick./relief./meds?:./1)./bronchodilators:./Short./acting./beta./agonists./(SABA),./Short./acting
. / anticholinergics./(SAMA),./2)./systemic./corticosteroids
6. Long./term./controller./meds./for./asthma?:./Anti./inflammatory,./Bronchodilators,./Long./acting.
/anticholinergics./(LAMA),./Methylxanthines
7. Why./is./theophylline./out./of./favor?:./Use./is./limited./due./to./narrow./therapeutic./window,./multiple./dru
g./interactions,./questionable./eflcacy,./and./adverse./ettects
8. Inhaled./Corticosteroids./(ICS):./Potent./anti-
inflammatory./agent,./they./decrease./airway./inflammation,./attenuate./airway./hyperresponsiveness./and./mini
mize./mucus./production./and./secretions
9. Examples./ of./ ICS:./ Fluticasone,./Budesonide,./Beclomethasone,./Ciclesonide
10. Long./Acting./Beta./Agonists./(LABA):./Used./as./add-on./therapy./for./asthma./not./controlled./with./ICS
alone../Works./by./stimulating./the./beta-
2./adrenergic./receptors./in./the./lungs,./resulting./in./a./relaxation./of./bronchial./smooth./muscle./(bronchodilation)./Benefits:./i
mproved./pulmonary./function,./more./symptom./free./days,./decreased./need./for./SABA
11. Examples./of./LABA:./Salmeterol,./Vilanterol
12. Long-
Acting. / Muscarinic. / Antagonist. / (LAMA):. / Inhibit./ettects./of./acetylcholine./on./muscarine
receptors./and./protect./against./cholinergic./mediated./bronchoconstriction../May./cause./dry./mouth,./urinary./retention,./h
eadache
13. Examples./of./LAMA:./Tiotropium./(Spiriva)
./ .
/
, NSG./533./Exam./3
14. Leukotriene. / Receptor. / Antagonists. / (LTRAs):. / Anti-inflammatories. / that. / inhibit. / 5-
lipoxygenase
or./completely./antagonize./the./ettect./of./leukotriene./D../They./improve./forced./expiratory./volume./(FEV),./decrease./sy
mp-toms,./SABA./use,./and./exacerbations../Can./cause./neuropsychiatric./events.
15. Short./acting./beta./agonists./(SABA):./Reverse./acute./airway./inflammation./and./brochoconstriction
,
increase./mucociliary./clearance./and./stabilize./mast./cell./membranes../Side./ettects:./tremors,./tachycardia,./hypokalemia
./ .
/
1. What. / are. / the. / major. / pathophysiologic. / characteristics. / associated. / with. / ast
h-
ma:./Wheezing,./SOB,./Chest./tightness,./Cough../Contraction./of./airway./smooth./muscle,./increased./mucus./production,.
/airway./edema,./remodeling
2. Asthma:./Characterized./by./variable,./reversible./episodes./of./brochoconstriction,./late./inflammation./and./bron-
chospasm
3. What./are./precipitating./factors./and./triggers./associated./with./asthma?:./Exercise
,./allergen./exposure,./weather./changes,./respiratory./infection
4. After./a./diagnosis./is./made,./what./factors./are./used./to./determine./the./compo-
nents. / of. / severity?:. / Daytime./asthma./symptoms./>./2X./per./week,./nighttime./awakenings,./reliever./for./sympt
oms
>./2X./per./week,./activity./limitation./d/t./asthma
5. What./are./quick./relief./meds?:./1)./bronchodilators:./Short./acting./beta./agonists./(SABA),./Short./acting
. / anticholinergics./(SAMA),./2)./systemic./corticosteroids
6. Long./term./controller./meds./for./asthma?:./Anti./inflammatory,./Bronchodilators,./Long./acting.
/anticholinergics./(LAMA),./Methylxanthines
7. Why./is./theophylline./out./of./favor?:./Use./is./limited./due./to./narrow./therapeutic./window,./multiple./dru
g./interactions,./questionable./eflcacy,./and./adverse./ettects
8. Inhaled./Corticosteroids./(ICS):./Potent./anti-
inflammatory./agent,./they./decrease./airway./inflammation,./attenuate./airway./hyperresponsiveness./and./mini
mize./mucus./production./and./secretions
9. Examples./ of./ ICS:./ Fluticasone,./Budesonide,./Beclomethasone,./Ciclesonide
10. Long./Acting./Beta./Agonists./(LABA):./Used./as./add-on./therapy./for./asthma./not./controlled./with./ICS
alone../Works./by./stimulating./the./beta-
2./adrenergic./receptors./in./the./lungs,./resulting./in./a./relaxation./of./bronchial./smooth./muscle./(bronchodilation)./Benefits:./i
mproved./pulmonary./function,./more./symptom./free./days,./decreased./need./for./SABA
11. Examples./of./LABA:./Salmeterol,./Vilanterol
12. Long-
Acting. / Muscarinic. / Antagonist. / (LAMA):. / Inhibit./ettects./of./acetylcholine./on./muscarine
receptors./and./protect./against./cholinergic./mediated./bronchoconstriction../May./cause./dry./mouth,./urinary./retention,./h
eadache
13. Examples./of./LAMA:./Tiotropium./(Spiriva)
./ .
/
, NSG./533./Exam./3
14. Leukotriene. / Receptor. / Antagonists. / (LTRAs):. / Anti-inflammatories. / that. / inhibit. / 5-
lipoxygenase
or./completely./antagonize./the./ettect./of./leukotriene./D../They./improve./forced./expiratory./volume./(FEV),./decrease./sy
mp-toms,./SABA./use,./and./exacerbations../Can./cause./neuropsychiatric./events.
15. Short./acting./beta./agonists./(SABA):./Reverse./acute./airway./inflammation./and./brochoconstriction
,
increase./mucociliary./clearance./and./stabilize./mast./cell./membranes../Side./ettects:./tremors,./tachycardia,./hypokalemia
./ .
/
