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PALS Updated FINAL EXAM.pdfhttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
PALS Updated FINAL EXAM
A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following
ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia?
second degree
Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic,
tachypneic, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of
oxygen delivery?
Lactate
A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed
respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as
indicating which condition?
Respiratory failure
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals
that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which
action would the provider initiate first?
Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme
disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this
rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia?
First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting signs of
post–cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team determines that the child is
experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion. The team bases this determination
on which finding(s)?
Hypotension
Fever
Hyperglycemia
A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is
unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin
high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR?
Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression
Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each
Compressing the chest about 2 inches
Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions
A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For
which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate?
VF and pVT are shockable cardiac arrest rhythms.
A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes
hypotension and shock?
Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock;
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A provider is caring for a 4-year-old child in the urgent care clinic. Primary assessment reveals
difficulty breathing and an oxygen saturation of 91%. The provider administers oxygen by nasal
cannula with the goal of improving the child’s oxygen saturation above what percentage?
Supplemental oxygen should be administered as needed to maintain an oxygen saturation
above 94%.
An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick
assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation.
Which medication would the team administer first?
Albuterol plus ipratropium bromid
A child in the pediatric step-down unit is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. When assessing
this child, which circulation finding might be present?
Pallor is a circulation finding that may be seen in patients with respiratory distress.
A healthcare provider is performing a primary assessment of a child in respiratory distress. The
provider documents increased work of breathing when which findings are observed?
Nasal flaring, use of accessory muscles to breathe and intercostal, substernal or suprasternal
retractions are all indicators of increased work or effort of breathing. Grunting and inspiratory
stridor are abnormal breath sounds.
An 11-year-old child develops unstable wide-complex tachycardia. Assessment reveals signs of
significant hemodynamic compromise, but the child has a pulse. The PALS team would prepare
the child for which intervention?
First-line treatment for unstable wide-complex tachycardias consists of synchronized electrical
cardioversion, particularly when signs of hemodynamic compromise are apparent.
A 4-month old infant is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. Which condition
would the team identify as the most common cause of cardiac arrest in an infant of this age?
Sudden infant death syndrome
A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child suddenly
collapsed at school. The child’s ECG reveals the following waveform, and primary assessment
findings indicate that the child is hemodynamically unstable. Which primary assessment findings
indicate this?
Difficulty breathing
Hypotension
Mottling
Decreased level of consciousnes
2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the
child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the
provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway
obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect?
croup
A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been experiencing
extremely watery stools over the past several days. After completing the assessment, the
healthcare provider suspects that the child may be experiencing shock. Which type of shock
would the provider most likely suspect?
hypovolemic
PALS Updated FINAL EXAM.pdfhttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
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PALS Updated FINAL EXAM.pdfhttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
PALS Updated FINAL EXAM
A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following
ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia?
second degree
Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic,
tachypneic, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of
oxygen delivery?
Lactate
A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed
respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as
indicating which condition?
Respiratory failure
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals
that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which
action would the provider initiate first?
Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme
disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this
rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia?
First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting signs of
post–cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team determines that the child is
experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion. The team bases this determination
on which finding(s)?
Hypotension
Fever
Hyperglycemia
A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is
unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin
high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR?
Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression
Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each
Compressing the chest about 2 inches
Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions
A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For
which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate?
VF and pVT are shockable cardiac arrest rhythms.
A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes
hypotension and shock?
Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock;
PALS Updated FINAL EXAM.pdfhttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
PALS Updated FINAL EXAM.pdfhttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
A provider is caring for a 4-year-old child in the urgent care clinic. Primary assessment reveals
difficulty breathing and an oxygen saturation of 91%. The provider administers oxygen by nasal
cannula with the goal of improving the child’s oxygen saturation above what percentage?
Supplemental oxygen should be administered as needed to maintain an oxygen saturation
above 94%.
An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick
assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation.
Which medication would the team administer first?
Albuterol plus ipratropium bromid
A child in the pediatric step-down unit is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. When assessing
this child, which circulation finding might be present?
Pallor is a circulation finding that may be seen in patients with respiratory distress.
A healthcare provider is performing a primary assessment of a child in respiratory distress. The
provider documents increased work of breathing when which findings are observed?
Nasal flaring, use of accessory muscles to breathe and intercostal, substernal or suprasternal
retractions are all indicators of increased work or effort of breathing. Grunting and inspiratory
stridor are abnormal breath sounds.
An 11-year-old child develops unstable wide-complex tachycardia. Assessment reveals signs of
significant hemodynamic compromise, but the child has a pulse. The PALS team would prepare
the child for which intervention?
First-line treatment for unstable wide-complex tachycardias consists of synchronized electrical
cardioversion, particularly when signs of hemodynamic compromise are apparent.
A 4-month old infant is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. Which condition
would the team identify as the most common cause of cardiac arrest in an infant of this age?
Sudden infant death syndrome
A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child suddenly
collapsed at school. The child’s ECG reveals the following waveform, and primary assessment
findings indicate that the child is hemodynamically unstable. Which primary assessment findings
indicate this?
Difficulty breathing
Hypotension
Mottling
Decreased level of consciousnes
2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the
child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the
provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway
obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect?
croup
A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been experiencing
extremely watery stools over the past several days. After completing the assessment, the
healthcare provider suspects that the child may be experiencing shock. Which type of shock
would the provider most likely suspect?
hypovolemic
PALS Updated FINAL EXAM.pdfhttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
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