https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
2026-09-08https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) -ANS--Exceptions to this are those
that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
1. Elimination of the Hazard: -ANS--highest level of protection from a hazardous exposure
-substitute a less toxic substance for the hazardous material
-not feasible with drug therapy
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages -ANS-1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
2. Engineering Controls -ANS--second highest level of protection
-use of machines or equipment that isolate or contain the hazard to reduce worker exposure
-Examples: biosafety cabinets and closed-system drug-transfer devices
3. Administrative Controls -ANS--third level of protection
-safe handling policies
-procedures
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Certificatehttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
2026-09-08https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
-work practices
-education and training of those responsible for HD handling
4. PPE -ANS--lowest form of protection
-consisting of garments that provide barriers to protect workers from HDs
-places the primary responsibility for protection on the worker
Absolute Neutrophil Count -ANS-- (%segs + %bands) x (WBC) / 100
Active Immunotherapy -ANS--capitalize on the immune system's ability to remember a foreign
invade
-mount an immune response against the tumor and hopefully remember the cancer cells long
after treatment has stopped
-includes cancer vaccines
Adaptive Immunity -ANS--Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
-Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
Adjuvant therapy -ANS--additonal cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower
the risk that the cancer can recur
-Examples: chemo, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or biologic therapy
Alkylating Agent Subgroups -ANS--Nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide{Cytoxin},
ifosfamide{Ifex}, bendamustine{Treanda})
-Platinum-based (cisplatin{Planitol}, carboplatin{Paraplatin}): do not possess an alkyl group
-nitrosoureas
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Certificatehttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
2026-09-08https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Alkylating Agents -ANS--function by causing a break in the DNA helix strand, causing
interference with DNA replication, which results in cell death
B-Cell -ANS--each one is programmed to make one specific antibody
-Can recognize antigens whether they are freely circulating in the blood or attached to surface
of a microbe
-When dividing, can become plasma cells which will then begin secreting antibodies that are
unique to that antigen
BCR/ABL -ANS--fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs
between gene 9 and 22
-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL
Benign Tumors -ANS--encapsulated and grow in an orderly manner with smooth edges
-Do not invade neighboring tissue
-DO not metastasize to distant sites
-the cells well differentiated in that they look like the parent cell
Can I be intimate with my partner during treatment? -ANS--you should definiely check with your
HCP first to be sure
-traces of chemo may be present in vaginal fluid for up to 48 hours after treatment
-use of a barrier is recommended for this reason for at least the first 48 hours
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) -ANS--Alkylazing agent
-possibility for a hypersensitivity reaction which is rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritis, rarely
bronchospasm and hypotensision
-notify RN if itching, scratchy throat, difficulty breathing, rash
-Blood count, particularly platelets, monitored because thrombocytopenia is a dose-limiting
toxicity
-Oral dosage: 1-5mg/kg/day
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Certificatehttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
2026-09-08https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) -ANS--Exceptions to this are those
that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
1. Elimination of the Hazard: -ANS--highest level of protection from a hazardous exposure
-substitute a less toxic substance for the hazardous material
-not feasible with drug therapy
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages -ANS-1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
2. Engineering Controls -ANS--second highest level of protection
-use of machines or equipment that isolate or contain the hazard to reduce worker exposure
-Examples: biosafety cabinets and closed-system drug-transfer devices
3. Administrative Controls -ANS--third level of protection
-safe handling policies
-procedures
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Certificatehttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
2026-09-08https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
-work practices
-education and training of those responsible for HD handling
4. PPE -ANS--lowest form of protection
-consisting of garments that provide barriers to protect workers from HDs
-places the primary responsibility for protection on the worker
Absolute Neutrophil Count -ANS-- (%segs + %bands) x (WBC) / 100
Active Immunotherapy -ANS--capitalize on the immune system's ability to remember a foreign
invade
-mount an immune response against the tumor and hopefully remember the cancer cells long
after treatment has stopped
-includes cancer vaccines
Adaptive Immunity -ANS--Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
-Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
Adjuvant therapy -ANS--additonal cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower
the risk that the cancer can recur
-Examples: chemo, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or biologic therapy
Alkylating Agent Subgroups -ANS--Nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide{Cytoxin},
ifosfamide{Ifex}, bendamustine{Treanda})
-Platinum-based (cisplatin{Planitol}, carboplatin{Paraplatin}): do not possess an alkyl group
-nitrosoureas
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Certificatehttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
2026-09-08https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Alkylating Agents -ANS--function by causing a break in the DNA helix strand, causing
interference with DNA replication, which results in cell death
B-Cell -ANS--each one is programmed to make one specific antibody
-Can recognize antigens whether they are freely circulating in the blood or attached to surface
of a microbe
-When dividing, can become plasma cells which will then begin secreting antibodies that are
unique to that antigen
BCR/ABL -ANS--fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs
between gene 9 and 22
-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL
Benign Tumors -ANS--encapsulated and grow in an orderly manner with smooth edges
-Do not invade neighboring tissue
-DO not metastasize to distant sites
-the cells well differentiated in that they look like the parent cell
Can I be intimate with my partner during treatment? -ANS--you should definiely check with your
HCP first to be sure
-traces of chemo may be present in vaginal fluid for up to 48 hours after treatment
-use of a barrier is recommended for this reason for at least the first 48 hours
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) -ANS--Alkylazing agent
-possibility for a hypersensitivity reaction which is rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritis, rarely
bronchospasm and hypotensision
-notify RN if itching, scratchy throat, difficulty breathing, rash
-Blood count, particularly platelets, monitored because thrombocytopenia is a dose-limiting
toxicity
-Oral dosage: 1-5mg/kg/day
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Certificatehttps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
