N4331 - EXAM 1 (PEDS - ROYE UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Regarding newborn growth and development, discuss the meaning of cephalocaudal and proximodistal
patterns
Answer:
cephalocaudal: learn skills from head to toes proximodistal: learn from trunk to fingers
Question:
____ kg = _____ lbs ____ oz = _____ mL ____cm = _____ in ____tsp = ____ mL
Answer:
1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 oz = 30 mL
2.54 cm = 1 inch 1 tsp = 5 mL
absence of nerve cells in GI causing peristalsis
Question:
What is Hirschsprung disease?
Answer:
sx correction, if not caught can cause enterocolitis and peritonitis
Question:
What is encopresis? Most common manifestation? Tx? (2)
Answer:
diarrhea (often ■ constipation) underwear soiling tx: high fiber diet & freq bathrooming
Question:
What is the normal schedule of newborn assessments?
Answer:
1m 2m 4m 6m 9m 12m
prednisone (watch for ↑wt, moonface & infections)
Question:
What medications can you expect for nephrotic syndrome? (3)
Answer:
cyclosporine (immunosuppressant) furosemide (diuretic; prior!!) check K+ & BP
calcitriol (kidneys cant make this so supplement)
Question:
What medications do you expect for chronic renal failure? (5)
Answer:
epoetin alfa (anemia; supposed to be made in kidneys) enalapril/losartan (BP med, think ↑fluids=↑BP,
need to bring down!) furosemide (diuretic; prior!!) check K+ & BP
, Question:
Define hand movement development stages in a newborn
Answer:
2m: open/close hands 6m: raking grasp 9m: pincer grasp 12m: feed self w/ spoon
Question:
Up until what age should children be assessed for hip dysplasia?
Answer:
birth to until 3 months old
Question:
Discuss development of fontanelles
Answer:
posterior: close @ 2-3m anterior: close @ 12-18m (referred to as " soft spot")
Question:
What fontenelle is often referred to as the soft spot? When does this fontanelle close?
Answer:
anterior fontanelle closes @ 12-18m
eyes straying in gaze ■ undeveloped eye muscles
Question:
Define strabismus Is this normal in a newborn?
Answer:
until 6m of age common
infant: pull pinna down and back
Question:
How should you inspect the ear of a newborn? Toddler?
Answer:
toddler: same! down and back used different method once 3+ years
80-160 bpm
Question:
What is the expected pulse range of a newborn? Where should pulse be assessed? How long should pulse
be assessed?
Answer:
apical pulse @ 3-4 rib to (medial) to midclavicular line left monitor for full 60 sec
Question:
When does hand preference appear in a child?
Answer:
2-3 years old
yes, S3 very common
Question:
Are murmurs common in newborns?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Regarding newborn growth and development, discuss the meaning of cephalocaudal and proximodistal
patterns
Answer:
cephalocaudal: learn skills from head to toes proximodistal: learn from trunk to fingers
Question:
____ kg = _____ lbs ____ oz = _____ mL ____cm = _____ in ____tsp = ____ mL
Answer:
1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 oz = 30 mL
2.54 cm = 1 inch 1 tsp = 5 mL
absence of nerve cells in GI causing peristalsis
Question:
What is Hirschsprung disease?
Answer:
sx correction, if not caught can cause enterocolitis and peritonitis
Question:
What is encopresis? Most common manifestation? Tx? (2)
Answer:
diarrhea (often ■ constipation) underwear soiling tx: high fiber diet & freq bathrooming
Question:
What is the normal schedule of newborn assessments?
Answer:
1m 2m 4m 6m 9m 12m
prednisone (watch for ↑wt, moonface & infections)
Question:
What medications can you expect for nephrotic syndrome? (3)
Answer:
cyclosporine (immunosuppressant) furosemide (diuretic; prior!!) check K+ & BP
calcitriol (kidneys cant make this so supplement)
Question:
What medications do you expect for chronic renal failure? (5)
Answer:
epoetin alfa (anemia; supposed to be made in kidneys) enalapril/losartan (BP med, think ↑fluids=↑BP,
need to bring down!) furosemide (diuretic; prior!!) check K+ & BP
, Question:
Define hand movement development stages in a newborn
Answer:
2m: open/close hands 6m: raking grasp 9m: pincer grasp 12m: feed self w/ spoon
Question:
Up until what age should children be assessed for hip dysplasia?
Answer:
birth to until 3 months old
Question:
Discuss development of fontanelles
Answer:
posterior: close @ 2-3m anterior: close @ 12-18m (referred to as " soft spot")
Question:
What fontenelle is often referred to as the soft spot? When does this fontanelle close?
Answer:
anterior fontanelle closes @ 12-18m
eyes straying in gaze ■ undeveloped eye muscles
Question:
Define strabismus Is this normal in a newborn?
Answer:
until 6m of age common
infant: pull pinna down and back
Question:
How should you inspect the ear of a newborn? Toddler?
Answer:
toddler: same! down and back used different method once 3+ years
80-160 bpm
Question:
What is the expected pulse range of a newborn? Where should pulse be assessed? How long should pulse
be assessed?
Answer:
apical pulse @ 3-4 rib to (medial) to midclavicular line left monitor for full 60 sec
Question:
When does hand preference appear in a child?
Answer:
2-3 years old
yes, S3 very common
Question:
Are murmurs common in newborns?
