Computer Science PRAXIS
Study Guide 2026 |
Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Software System Life Cycle Analysis -> Design -> Implement(Code) -> Test -> Maintain -> Analysis -> ...
Top-Down Design (stepwise refinement) break down into smaller and smaller pieces, easy to implement
Bottom Up Design uses pre-existing modules/libraries, saves time and effort
Object oriented Programming (OOP) interacting objects, data centered, bundles actions and processes with data, very
large projects can be developed more easily, modifications can be made without
altering the "insides"
3 Big Ideas of OOP abstraction(encapsulation), inheritance, and polymorphism
Flowchart Shape: diamond decision (boolean)
Flowchart Shape: rectangle process
Flowchart Shape: paralellogram input/output
Flowchart Shape: oval start/end
Unified Modeling Language (UML) visual organizer showing objects and contents
UML visual example Name of class
------------------------
Attribute name: type
[set of variables, attributes, etc.]
-------------------------
Methods (parameters)
.
.
.
return type
, Waterfall Development Model linear progress, works in industry, not software, clear and straightforward but rigid
and difficult to modify, changes are costly
idea -> analysis -> design -> develop -> test -> final
Incremental Development Design small amount done at a time, test and adjust as needed, completes entire process
in each increment, flexible to change, includes customer testing
plan -> analyze,design,implement(development) -> test -> evaluate -> plan -> ...
Spiral Development Design includes risk analysis, documentation is difficult, uses prototyping and best parts of
other models, costly and complex to manage
communicate -> plan -> model -> construct -> deploy -> communicate -> ...
Agile Development Design commonly used in software development, can cause loss of focus or more complex
project, risk of going over budget, incremental and iterative, flexible
sprint - set small simple short-term goals, achieve, test, evaluate, repeat
some common examples: SCRUM, XP, Kanban
code style conventions for constants CAPS
code style conventions for class Firstlettercapital
code style conventions for method/variable CamelCase
Precondition what must be true for the code to be executed
Postcondition what will be true after the code is executed
Robust Program able to withstand adverse conditions ("handle exceptions")
Study Guide 2026 |
Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Software System Life Cycle Analysis -> Design -> Implement(Code) -> Test -> Maintain -> Analysis -> ...
Top-Down Design (stepwise refinement) break down into smaller and smaller pieces, easy to implement
Bottom Up Design uses pre-existing modules/libraries, saves time and effort
Object oriented Programming (OOP) interacting objects, data centered, bundles actions and processes with data, very
large projects can be developed more easily, modifications can be made without
altering the "insides"
3 Big Ideas of OOP abstraction(encapsulation), inheritance, and polymorphism
Flowchart Shape: diamond decision (boolean)
Flowchart Shape: rectangle process
Flowchart Shape: paralellogram input/output
Flowchart Shape: oval start/end
Unified Modeling Language (UML) visual organizer showing objects and contents
UML visual example Name of class
------------------------
Attribute name: type
[set of variables, attributes, etc.]
-------------------------
Methods (parameters)
.
.
.
return type
, Waterfall Development Model linear progress, works in industry, not software, clear and straightforward but rigid
and difficult to modify, changes are costly
idea -> analysis -> design -> develop -> test -> final
Incremental Development Design small amount done at a time, test and adjust as needed, completes entire process
in each increment, flexible to change, includes customer testing
plan -> analyze,design,implement(development) -> test -> evaluate -> plan -> ...
Spiral Development Design includes risk analysis, documentation is difficult, uses prototyping and best parts of
other models, costly and complex to manage
communicate -> plan -> model -> construct -> deploy -> communicate -> ...
Agile Development Design commonly used in software development, can cause loss of focus or more complex
project, risk of going over budget, incremental and iterative, flexible
sprint - set small simple short-term goals, achieve, test, evaluate, repeat
some common examples: SCRUM, XP, Kanban
code style conventions for constants CAPS
code style conventions for class Firstlettercapital
code style conventions for method/variable CamelCase
Precondition what must be true for the code to be executed
Postcondition what will be true after the code is executed
Robust Program able to withstand adverse conditions ("handle exceptions")
