NUR 1172 PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION: COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 1 – VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWER RATIONALES

NUR 1172 PRINCIPLES OF
NUTRITION: COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION 1 – VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
RATIONALES
SECTION 1: MACRONUTRIENTS – CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS,
AND FATS

Question 1: Which nutrient provides the body with 4 kcal per gram and is the body's
preferred energy source?

• A) Fat
• B) Protein
• C) Carbohydrate
• D) Alcohol

Answer: C) Carbohydrate

Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g and are the primary and preferred energy
source for the brain, red blood cells, and central nervous system. The brain alone
requires approximately 120-140 g of glucose daily .




Question 2: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for
carbohydrates is:

• A) 10–35% of total calories
• B) 20–35% of total calories

, • C) 45–65% of total calories
• D) 25–35% of total calories

Answer: C) 45–65% of total calories

Rationale: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 45–65% of total daily
calories from carbohydrates for adults. This range ensures adequate glycogen stores
and stable blood sugar levels .




Question 3: One gram of fat provides:

• A) 4 kcal
• B) 7 kcal
• C) 9 kcal
• D) 5 kcal

Answer: C) 9 kcal

Rationale: Fat is the most concentrated energy source, providing 9 kcal per gram.
This makes fat the most energy-dense macronutrient, essential for hormone
production and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins .




Question 4: One gram of protein provides:

• A) 4 kcal
• B) 7 kcal
• C) 9 kcal
• D) 3 kcal

Answer: A) 4 kcal

,Rationale: Protein provides 4 kcal per gram, the same as carbohydrates. However,
protein's primary function is for building and repairing body tissues rather than
energy production .




Question 5: The AMDR for protein is:

• A) 45–65% of total calories
• B) 10–35% of total calories
• C) 20–35% of total calories
• D) 5–10% of total calories

Answer: B) 10–35% of total calories

Rationale: The AMDR for protein is 10–35% of total calories. This wide range
accommodates varying individual needs; most people require only the lower end of
this range .




Question 6: The AMDR for fat is:

• A) 10–35% of total calories
• B) 45–65% of total calories
• C) 20–35% of total calories
• D) 5–10% of total calories

Answer: C) 20–35% of total calories

Rationale: The IOM recommends 20–35% of total calories from fat for adults. Fat is
needed for hormone production, cell membrane integrity, and absorption of fat-
soluble vitamins .

, Question 7: Daily Values on nutrition labels are based on a ___ calorie diet:

• A) 1,500 kcal
• B) 2,000 kcal
• C) 2,500 kcal
• D) 1,800 kcal

Answer: B) 2,000 kcal

Rationale: The 2,000 kcal reference diet is the standard used for Daily Values on
food labels, providing a general reference for all individuals regardless of actual
caloric needs .




Question 8: The main function of carbohydrates is:

• A) Building muscle
• B) Energy
• C) Insulation
• D) Hormone production

Answer: B) Energy

Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy.
Carbohydrates serve as the primary fuel for the brain and working muscles .




Question 9: Simple sugars are digested:

• A) Slowly
• B) Quickly
• C) Not at all
• D) Only in the stomach