Test Bank - for Medical-Surgical Nursing exam
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A| Instant
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1. A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which oxygen-
delivery method is most appropriate when a precise
concentration of oxygen is required?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple face mask
C. Nonrebreather mask
D. Venturi mask
Answer: D. Venturi mask
Rationale: A Venturi mask delivers a controlled and precise fraction of
inspired oxygen (FiO₂), making it particularly useful for patients with
COPD who may be sensitive to excessive oxygen administration. Nasal
,cannulas and simple masks provide less precise oxygen
concentrations, while a nonrebreather mask is generally used when a
high concentration of oxygen is urgently needed.
2. A patient with heart failure reports increasing shortness of breath
and difficulty breathing when lying flat. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia and dry cough
B. Orthopnea and pulmonary crackles
C. Increased urine output and weight loss
D. Decreased jugular venous pressure
Answer: B. Orthopnea and pulmonary crackles
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure can cause pulmonary congestion,
resulting in crackles, dyspnea, and orthopnea. Orthopnea is difficulty
breathing while lying flat and often improves when the patient sits
upright. Fluid retention may also produce weight gain and jugular
venous distention.
, 3. A patient with diabetes mellitus is experiencing diaphoresis,
tremors, confusion, and tachycardia. Which condition should the
nurse suspect?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Answer: C. Hypoglycemia
Rationale: Diaphoresis, tremors, tachycardia, and confusion are
common manifestations of hypoglycemia caused by inadequate
glucose availability to the brain and activation of the sympathetic
nervous system. Immediate assessment of blood glucose is
appropriate, followed by rapid treatment according to the patient's
condition and ability to swallow.
4. Which laboratory value is most important for evaluating kidney
function in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum amylase
, C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum albumin
Answer: A. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is commonly used with estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to evaluate renal function. Rising
creatinine generally indicates reduced kidney filtration. Hemoglobin
and albumin may also be affected by chronic kidney disease but are
not primary measures of glomerular filtration.
5. A patient is admitted with suspected bacterial pneumonia. Which
assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Clear breath sounds bilaterally
B. Productive cough and localized crackles
C. Painless hematuria
D. Absent bowel sounds
Answer: B. Productive cough and localized crackles
Rationale: Bacterial pneumonia commonly causes fever, productive
cough, dyspnea, and abnormal lung sounds such as crackles.
Consolidation of lung tissue can produce localized findings. Hematuria
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A| Instant
Download Pdf
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which oxygen-
delivery method is most appropriate when a precise
concentration of oxygen is required?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple face mask
C. Nonrebreather mask
D. Venturi mask
Answer: D. Venturi mask
Rationale: A Venturi mask delivers a controlled and precise fraction of
inspired oxygen (FiO₂), making it particularly useful for patients with
COPD who may be sensitive to excessive oxygen administration. Nasal
,cannulas and simple masks provide less precise oxygen
concentrations, while a nonrebreather mask is generally used when a
high concentration of oxygen is urgently needed.
2. A patient with heart failure reports increasing shortness of breath
and difficulty breathing when lying flat. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia and dry cough
B. Orthopnea and pulmonary crackles
C. Increased urine output and weight loss
D. Decreased jugular venous pressure
Answer: B. Orthopnea and pulmonary crackles
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure can cause pulmonary congestion,
resulting in crackles, dyspnea, and orthopnea. Orthopnea is difficulty
breathing while lying flat and often improves when the patient sits
upright. Fluid retention may also produce weight gain and jugular
venous distention.
, 3. A patient with diabetes mellitus is experiencing diaphoresis,
tremors, confusion, and tachycardia. Which condition should the
nurse suspect?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Answer: C. Hypoglycemia
Rationale: Diaphoresis, tremors, tachycardia, and confusion are
common manifestations of hypoglycemia caused by inadequate
glucose availability to the brain and activation of the sympathetic
nervous system. Immediate assessment of blood glucose is
appropriate, followed by rapid treatment according to the patient's
condition and ability to swallow.
4. Which laboratory value is most important for evaluating kidney
function in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum amylase
, C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum albumin
Answer: A. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is commonly used with estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to evaluate renal function. Rising
creatinine generally indicates reduced kidney filtration. Hemoglobin
and albumin may also be affected by chronic kidney disease but are
not primary measures of glomerular filtration.
5. A patient is admitted with suspected bacterial pneumonia. Which
assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Clear breath sounds bilaterally
B. Productive cough and localized crackles
C. Painless hematuria
D. Absent bowel sounds
Answer: B. Productive cough and localized crackles
Rationale: Bacterial pneumonia commonly causes fever, productive
cough, dyspnea, and abnormal lung sounds such as crackles.
Consolidation of lung tissue can produce localized findings. Hematuria
