FORENSIC CHEMISTRY EXAM SCRIPT
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
●● Protons
Answer: Found in the nucleus; mass of 1; charge of +1.
●● Neutrons
Answer: Found in the nucleus; mass of 1; no charge.
●● Electrons
Answer: Found in shells; negligible mass; charge of -1.
●● Isotopes
Answer: Different forms of the same atom with the same number of
protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.
●● Relative Atomic Mass (RAM or Ar)
Answer: The average mass of an element, accounting for the relative
mass and abundance of all its stable isotopes.
●● Shells and Sub-shells
, Answer: Electrons are arranged in energy levels (shells) which contain
sub-shells (s, p, d, f).
●● Orbitals
Answer: Regions of space where there is a high probability of finding an
electron; each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite
spins.
●● Aufbau Principle
Answer: Electrons enter the lowest energy orbital available first.
●● Hund's Rule
Answer: Electrons occupy orbitals singly before pairing up to minimize
repulsion.
●● Emission Spectra
Answer: A line spectrum containing only specific/discrete wavelengths
of light produced when excited electrons return to lower energy levels
and emit photons.
●● Continuous vs. Line Spectrum
Answer: A continuous spectrum contains all wavelengths (like white
light through a prism), whereas a line spectrum is unique to each
element.
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
●● Protons
Answer: Found in the nucleus; mass of 1; charge of +1.
●● Neutrons
Answer: Found in the nucleus; mass of 1; no charge.
●● Electrons
Answer: Found in shells; negligible mass; charge of -1.
●● Isotopes
Answer: Different forms of the same atom with the same number of
protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.
●● Relative Atomic Mass (RAM or Ar)
Answer: The average mass of an element, accounting for the relative
mass and abundance of all its stable isotopes.
●● Shells and Sub-shells
, Answer: Electrons are arranged in energy levels (shells) which contain
sub-shells (s, p, d, f).
●● Orbitals
Answer: Regions of space where there is a high probability of finding an
electron; each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite
spins.
●● Aufbau Principle
Answer: Electrons enter the lowest energy orbital available first.
●● Hund's Rule
Answer: Electrons occupy orbitals singly before pairing up to minimize
repulsion.
●● Emission Spectra
Answer: A line spectrum containing only specific/discrete wavelengths
of light produced when excited electrons return to lower energy levels
and emit photons.
●● Continuous vs. Line Spectrum
Answer: A continuous spectrum contains all wavelengths (like white
light through a prism), whereas a line spectrum is unique to each
element.
