HCR 240; HUMAN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS; 100%
GUARANTEED PASS!! BRAND NEW
VERSION
3 parts of a nucleotide - correct answer- sugar,
phosphate, nitrogen base
acid - correct answer- -solution that will donate H+
ion
-byproducts of protein, lipid, and carb metabolism
active immunity - correct answer- -antibodies or t-
cells that are produced after natural exposure to an antigen or
after immunization
-typically long lived
-engaging your own immune response
adaptive immunity - correct answer- -response to an
infection that confers long-term immunity (3rd line of defense)
,-works together with inflammation
-specific
allimmune disorders - correct answer- -immune
system forms a response against tissues from another member
of the same species
-ex. graft rejection
anatomy of an antibody - correct answer- -4
polypeptide chains held with disulfide bonds
-antigen binding fragment (Fab): acts as recognition sites for
antigens
-crystalline fragment (Fc): activates complement and
opsonization
angiogenesis - correct answer- -growth of new blood
vessels (neovascularization)
-secretion of angiogenic factors to feed the tumor
antibodies - correct answer- -called immunoglobulins
-produced by plasma cells (B cells)
-5 different types: IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM
,antibodies: primary response - correct answer- -b cell
turns into plasma cells (differentiation)
-after 5-7 days, IgM antibody for a specific antigen is detected
-IgG follows
-memory b cells are created
antibodies: secondary response - correct answer-
quick response time do to memory cells
antibody function: direct - correct answer- -
neutralization: blocks binding of antigen to a receptor
-agglutination: clumps insoluble particles
-precipitation: makes a soluble antigen into an insoluble
precipitate
antibody functions: indirect - correct answer-
complement, opsonization, phagocytosis
antigen - correct answer- -substance that binds with
an antibody or antigen receptors on a B or T cell
-proteins, bacteria, immunogenic antigens
, arterial blood gasses - correct answer- -samples of
arterial blood from radial artery
-able to test for acid base disorders, oxygenation status,
ventilation
autoimmune disorders - correct answer- -body's
immune system begins to recognize self antigens as foreign
autoimmune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus -
correct answer- -immune system creates
autoantibodies against nucleic acids, erythrocytes, platelets
against DNA
-more commons in females
autosomal recessive - correct answer- -transmission
of affected individuals to their offspring is not sex-linked
-since the abnormal allele is recessive, the person must be
homozygous to express the disease (dd) - this means that both
parents must be carriers (dd or Dd)
b cell receptors - correct answer- -located on the
surface of b cells
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS; 100%
GUARANTEED PASS!! BRAND NEW
VERSION
3 parts of a nucleotide - correct answer- sugar,
phosphate, nitrogen base
acid - correct answer- -solution that will donate H+
ion
-byproducts of protein, lipid, and carb metabolism
active immunity - correct answer- -antibodies or t-
cells that are produced after natural exposure to an antigen or
after immunization
-typically long lived
-engaging your own immune response
adaptive immunity - correct answer- -response to an
infection that confers long-term immunity (3rd line of defense)
,-works together with inflammation
-specific
allimmune disorders - correct answer- -immune
system forms a response against tissues from another member
of the same species
-ex. graft rejection
anatomy of an antibody - correct answer- -4
polypeptide chains held with disulfide bonds
-antigen binding fragment (Fab): acts as recognition sites for
antigens
-crystalline fragment (Fc): activates complement and
opsonization
angiogenesis - correct answer- -growth of new blood
vessels (neovascularization)
-secretion of angiogenic factors to feed the tumor
antibodies - correct answer- -called immunoglobulins
-produced by plasma cells (B cells)
-5 different types: IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM
,antibodies: primary response - correct answer- -b cell
turns into plasma cells (differentiation)
-after 5-7 days, IgM antibody for a specific antigen is detected
-IgG follows
-memory b cells are created
antibodies: secondary response - correct answer-
quick response time do to memory cells
antibody function: direct - correct answer- -
neutralization: blocks binding of antigen to a receptor
-agglutination: clumps insoluble particles
-precipitation: makes a soluble antigen into an insoluble
precipitate
antibody functions: indirect - correct answer-
complement, opsonization, phagocytosis
antigen - correct answer- -substance that binds with
an antibody or antigen receptors on a B or T cell
-proteins, bacteria, immunogenic antigens
, arterial blood gasses - correct answer- -samples of
arterial blood from radial artery
-able to test for acid base disorders, oxygenation status,
ventilation
autoimmune disorders - correct answer- -body's
immune system begins to recognize self antigens as foreign
autoimmune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus -
correct answer- -immune system creates
autoantibodies against nucleic acids, erythrocytes, platelets
against DNA
-more commons in females
autosomal recessive - correct answer- -transmission
of affected individuals to their offspring is not sex-linked
-since the abnormal allele is recessive, the person must be
homozygous to express the disease (dd) - this means that both
parents must be carriers (dd or Dd)
b cell receptors - correct answer- -located on the
surface of b cells
