BIOL 1408 Biology Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Cells, Genetics,
Evolution, Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration | Practice
Questions & Answers
SECTION I — Scientific Method & Foundations of Biology
1. Which characteristic is shared by all organisms?
A. Ability to photosynthesize
B. Cellular organization
C. Ability to move from place to place
D. Presence of a nucleus
Correct Answer: B. Cellular organization
Rationale: All living organisms consist of one or more cells. Not all
organisms photosynthesize, move, or possess nuclei.
2. What is the primary purpose of the scientific method?
A. To prove that a hypothesis is correct
B. To eliminate all uncertainty
C. To systematically investigate questions using evidence
D. To establish personal opinions as facts
Correct Answer: C. To systematically investigate questions using
evidence
Rationale: Science uses systematic observation, testing, analysis, and
evidence to evaluate explanations.
3. A scientist proposes that increasing light intensity increases
photosynthetic rate. This statement is a:
,A. Conclusion
B. Hypothesis
C. Constant
D. Control group
Correct Answer: B. Hypothesis
Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable proposed explanation or
prediction.
4. Which variable is deliberately changed by an investigator?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Controlled variable
D. Experimental error
Correct Answer: B. Independent variable
Rationale: The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher
to determine its effect.
5. Which variable is measured in an experiment?
A. Independent variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Control variable
D. Constant
Correct Answer: B. Dependent variable
Rationale: The dependent variable changes in response to the
independent variable and is measured.
6. Why is a control group useful?
,A. It eliminates all experimental error
B. It provides a comparison with the experimental treatment
C. It guarantees the hypothesis is correct
D. It increases the independent variable
Correct Answer: B. It provides a comparison with the experimental
treatment
Rationale: Controls help determine whether observed effects are
associated with the experimental treatment.
7. Which level of organization is immediately above the cellular level?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Organ system
D. Organism
Correct Answer: A. Tissue
Rationale: Cells with related functions form tissues.
8. Which level of organization contains multiple organs working
together?
A. Cell
B. Tissue
C. Organ system
D. Organelle
Correct Answer: C. Organ system
Rationale: Organ systems consist of interacting organs that perform
major body functions.
9. Homeostasis refers to:
, A. Evolution of organisms
B. Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
C. Production of ATP only
D. Reproduction of cells
Correct Answer: B. Maintenance of relatively stable internal
conditions
Rationale: Homeostasis allows organisms to maintain internal
conditions within suitable ranges despite external changes.
10. Which process usually helps maintain homeostasis?
A. Positive feedback only
B. Negative feedback
C. Random mutation
D. Natural selection
Correct Answer: B. Negative feedback
Rationale: Negative feedback counteracts deviations from a set point or
normal range.
11. Which is an example of negative feedback?
A. Blood clotting
B. Labor contractions
C. Body temperature regulation
D. Amplification of a nerve signal
Correct Answer: C. Body temperature regulation
Rationale: Responses such as sweating or shivering counteract
temperature changes.
12. Which statement best describes an observation?
Evolution, Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration | Practice
Questions & Answers
SECTION I — Scientific Method & Foundations of Biology
1. Which characteristic is shared by all organisms?
A. Ability to photosynthesize
B. Cellular organization
C. Ability to move from place to place
D. Presence of a nucleus
Correct Answer: B. Cellular organization
Rationale: All living organisms consist of one or more cells. Not all
organisms photosynthesize, move, or possess nuclei.
2. What is the primary purpose of the scientific method?
A. To prove that a hypothesis is correct
B. To eliminate all uncertainty
C. To systematically investigate questions using evidence
D. To establish personal opinions as facts
Correct Answer: C. To systematically investigate questions using
evidence
Rationale: Science uses systematic observation, testing, analysis, and
evidence to evaluate explanations.
3. A scientist proposes that increasing light intensity increases
photosynthetic rate. This statement is a:
,A. Conclusion
B. Hypothesis
C. Constant
D. Control group
Correct Answer: B. Hypothesis
Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable proposed explanation or
prediction.
4. Which variable is deliberately changed by an investigator?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Controlled variable
D. Experimental error
Correct Answer: B. Independent variable
Rationale: The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher
to determine its effect.
5. Which variable is measured in an experiment?
A. Independent variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Control variable
D. Constant
Correct Answer: B. Dependent variable
Rationale: The dependent variable changes in response to the
independent variable and is measured.
6. Why is a control group useful?
,A. It eliminates all experimental error
B. It provides a comparison with the experimental treatment
C. It guarantees the hypothesis is correct
D. It increases the independent variable
Correct Answer: B. It provides a comparison with the experimental
treatment
Rationale: Controls help determine whether observed effects are
associated with the experimental treatment.
7. Which level of organization is immediately above the cellular level?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Organ system
D. Organism
Correct Answer: A. Tissue
Rationale: Cells with related functions form tissues.
8. Which level of organization contains multiple organs working
together?
A. Cell
B. Tissue
C. Organ system
D. Organelle
Correct Answer: C. Organ system
Rationale: Organ systems consist of interacting organs that perform
major body functions.
9. Homeostasis refers to:
, A. Evolution of organisms
B. Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
C. Production of ATP only
D. Reproduction of cells
Correct Answer: B. Maintenance of relatively stable internal
conditions
Rationale: Homeostasis allows organisms to maintain internal
conditions within suitable ranges despite external changes.
10. Which process usually helps maintain homeostasis?
A. Positive feedback only
B. Negative feedback
C. Random mutation
D. Natural selection
Correct Answer: B. Negative feedback
Rationale: Negative feedback counteracts deviations from a set point or
normal range.
11. Which is an example of negative feedback?
A. Blood clotting
B. Labor contractions
C. Body temperature regulation
D. Amplification of a nerve signal
Correct Answer: C. Body temperature regulation
Rationale: Responses such as sweating or shivering counteract
temperature changes.
12. Which statement best describes an observation?
