HUETHER AND MCCANCES
UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CANADIAN EDITION SECOND EDITION
KELLY POWER KEAN COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMS SET COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Macrocytic-normochromic anemia.
Answer: Large stem cells that mature into large erythrocytes. (B12 or
folate deficiency) Normal hemoglobin content allowing them to be
classified as normochromic. Ineffective RBC DNA synthesis leads to
premature cell death (hemolysis) which leads to low RBC count.
⩥ B12 deficiency- Pernicious anemia is due to.
Answer: absence of intrinsic factor (enzyme required for gastric
absorption of B12 which may be caused by congenital predisposition,
gastric mucosal atrophy, autoimmune disorder that destroys parietal
cells, alcohol, hot tea or cigarette smoking.)
⩥ Pernicious anemia is most common in people in.
Answer: 30 year old, Northern European, black, hispanic females
⩥ Pernicious anemia develops.
,Answer: slowly over 20 to 30 years
⩥ Pernicious anemia early manifestations.
Answer: infections, mood swings, and gastrointestinal, cardiac or kidney
ailments
⩥ Pernicious anemia later manifestations.
Answer: weakness, fatigue, paresthesias of feet and fingers, difficulty
walking, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight loss and sore tongue
that is smooth and beefy red. Pallor, jaundice, hepatomegaly (indicates
right-sided heart failure) and splenomegaly may be present.
⩥ Pernicious anemia treatment includes.
Answer: intravenous B12 or high dose parenteral B12
⩥ What are the two types of macrocytic normochromic anemia?.
Answer: B12 deficiency (pernicious) and folate deficiency
⩥ Which type of macrocytic normochromic anemia is most common?.
Answer: Folate deficiency
⩥ Where is folate absorbed?.
Answer: in the upper intestinal tract
,⩥ Does folate require intrinsic factor to be absorbed?.
Answer: No
⩥ Folate deficiency is most commonly found in.
Answer: alcoholics and malnourished individuals
⩥ Manifestations of folate deficiency are.
Answer: similar to pernicous anemia but without neurological symptoms
⩥ Treatment of folate deficiency includes.
Answer: oral folate administration
⩥ Microcytic-hypochromic anemia (hypoferremia).
Answer: Small erythrocytes and reduced amounts of hemoglobin caused
by (1) disorders of iron metabolism, (2) disorders of porphyrin and heme
synthesis, or (3) disorders of globulin synthesis
⩥ What are the two types of microcytic hypochromic anemia?.
Answer: Iron deficiency and sideroblastic
⩥ Which type of microcytic hypochromic anemia is most common?.
, Answer: Iron deficiency
⩥ What are risk factors for iron deficiency?.
Answer: Chronic poverty, women of childbearing age, the elderly and
children
⩥ What causes iron deficiency?.
Answer: Inadequate dietary intake of iron, insufficient absorption
(gastric surgery, celiac disease or vegetarian) chronic bleeding (as little
as 2 to 4 ml/day)
⩥ What are the manifestations of iron deficiency?.
Answer: L- lethargy
O- over-exerted easily and SOB
W- weird food cravings (pica) and white faced (conjunctival pallor)
I- inflammation of tongue and increased heart-rate (heart compensating
for low oxygen
R- reduced hemoglobin levels
O- observable changes in red blood cell (blood smear)
N- nail changes (spoon shape-koilonychia) and neurological changes
(memory loss)
⩥ Sideroblastic anemia.
UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CANADIAN EDITION SECOND EDITION
KELLY POWER KEAN COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMS SET COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Macrocytic-normochromic anemia.
Answer: Large stem cells that mature into large erythrocytes. (B12 or
folate deficiency) Normal hemoglobin content allowing them to be
classified as normochromic. Ineffective RBC DNA synthesis leads to
premature cell death (hemolysis) which leads to low RBC count.
⩥ B12 deficiency- Pernicious anemia is due to.
Answer: absence of intrinsic factor (enzyme required for gastric
absorption of B12 which may be caused by congenital predisposition,
gastric mucosal atrophy, autoimmune disorder that destroys parietal
cells, alcohol, hot tea or cigarette smoking.)
⩥ Pernicious anemia is most common in people in.
Answer: 30 year old, Northern European, black, hispanic females
⩥ Pernicious anemia develops.
,Answer: slowly over 20 to 30 years
⩥ Pernicious anemia early manifestations.
Answer: infections, mood swings, and gastrointestinal, cardiac or kidney
ailments
⩥ Pernicious anemia later manifestations.
Answer: weakness, fatigue, paresthesias of feet and fingers, difficulty
walking, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight loss and sore tongue
that is smooth and beefy red. Pallor, jaundice, hepatomegaly (indicates
right-sided heart failure) and splenomegaly may be present.
⩥ Pernicious anemia treatment includes.
Answer: intravenous B12 or high dose parenteral B12
⩥ What are the two types of macrocytic normochromic anemia?.
Answer: B12 deficiency (pernicious) and folate deficiency
⩥ Which type of macrocytic normochromic anemia is most common?.
Answer: Folate deficiency
⩥ Where is folate absorbed?.
Answer: in the upper intestinal tract
,⩥ Does folate require intrinsic factor to be absorbed?.
Answer: No
⩥ Folate deficiency is most commonly found in.
Answer: alcoholics and malnourished individuals
⩥ Manifestations of folate deficiency are.
Answer: similar to pernicous anemia but without neurological symptoms
⩥ Treatment of folate deficiency includes.
Answer: oral folate administration
⩥ Microcytic-hypochromic anemia (hypoferremia).
Answer: Small erythrocytes and reduced amounts of hemoglobin caused
by (1) disorders of iron metabolism, (2) disorders of porphyrin and heme
synthesis, or (3) disorders of globulin synthesis
⩥ What are the two types of microcytic hypochromic anemia?.
Answer: Iron deficiency and sideroblastic
⩥ Which type of microcytic hypochromic anemia is most common?.
, Answer: Iron deficiency
⩥ What are risk factors for iron deficiency?.
Answer: Chronic poverty, women of childbearing age, the elderly and
children
⩥ What causes iron deficiency?.
Answer: Inadequate dietary intake of iron, insufficient absorption
(gastric surgery, celiac disease or vegetarian) chronic bleeding (as little
as 2 to 4 ml/day)
⩥ What are the manifestations of iron deficiency?.
Answer: L- lethargy
O- over-exerted easily and SOB
W- weird food cravings (pica) and white faced (conjunctival pallor)
I- inflammation of tongue and increased heart-rate (heart compensating
for low oxygen
R- reduced hemoglobin levels
O- observable changes in red blood cell (blood smear)
N- nail changes (spoon shape-koilonychia) and neurological changes
(memory loss)
⩥ Sideroblastic anemia.
