NURS 2513: Maternal-Child Nursing EXAM 2025-2026
GRADED A+ WITH ELABORATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS
EMTALA
A patient, including a pregnant patient in OB triage, must receive a
medical screening exam and stabilizing treatment.
Pregnancy Signs
· Presumptive signs are subjective symptoms reported by the client: amenorrhea, nausea,
breast tenderness, fatigue, urinary frequency.
· Probable signs are more objective but not diagnostic: positive pregnancy test, Goodell sign
(a significant softening of the cervix, happens 4-6 weeks in pregnancy) , Chadwick sign (dark
blue purple or violet color of the cervix, vagina, and labia, usually appears in about 6-8 weeks
due to heavy blood flow in the area) , Hegar sign (a softening of the lower segment of the
uterus right above the cervix, often felt between 6-12 weeks), ballottement ( clinical
examination technique used to detect a solid object or fluid floating within a fluid filled body
cavity).
· Positive/diagnostic signs include foetal heartbeat, ultrasound visualization, and fetal
movement palpated by an examiner.
Conception and Prenatal Development
· Fertilization most often occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
· Embryonic stage: major organs begin forming from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm.
· Foetal period follows embryonic development and focuses on growth and maturation.
Folic Acid and Neural Tube Defects
· Neural tube development happens early, often before pregnancy is recognized.
· Recommended preconception supplementation is commonly 0.4-0.8 mg folic acid daily
unless a higher-risk condition requires more by provider order.
· The key teaching point: start before pregnancy or as early as possible.
,Reproductive Health and Menstrual Disorders
· Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) symptoms
differentiate from other menstrual disorders due to their timing of symptoms. Symptoms
occur before menses and improve after menstruation starts.
· Endometriosis is suggested by severe pelvic pain/cramping with infertility or pain that is
more than typical menstrual cramps.
· Primary dysmenorrhea usually causes cramping around menses without fertility concerns.
Contraceptives and ACHES
· ACHES warning signs for oral contraceptives: Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Headaches
severe, Eye problems, Severe leg pain.
· Severe abdominal pain is reportable. Mild bloating or occasional mild headaches are not the
classic warning signs.
GTPAL Practice
· Example from the exam: current pregnancy + two term births + one miscarriage at 10 weeks
+ two living children = G=4 T2 P0 A1 L2.
· Current pregnancy counts in gravida but not in term/preterm/abortion/living until outcome
occurs.
· Twins count as one pregnancy for gravida and one birth event for T/P, but two living
children if both living.
EDD with Naegele's Rule
· First day of LMP August 1, 2025 + 7 days = August 8, 2025.
· Subtract 3 months = May 8, 2025.
· Add 1 year = May 8, 2026.
, Placenta Functions
· Endocrine support: produces hormones that maintain pregnancy.
· Exchange: transfers oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus.
· Waste removal: moves foetal waste products back to maternal circulation.
· The placenta does not create foetal blood vessels as its primary function and does not fully
protect from all pathogens.
Clinical judgment/prioritization
Prioritize the client showing the greatest clinical deterioration, unstable vital signs, or
decreased level of consciousness.
Language barriers
Use a qualified interpreter. Goal met when the patient/family can state understanding through
the interpreter.
Cultural awareness
Assess the patient's cultural beliefs and incorporate them when safe and possible. Do not
assume.
Rh incompatibility
Rho(D) immune globulin prevents an Rh-negative mother from forming antibodies that could
harm a future Rh-positive foetus.
Embryonic development
Major organs form from the three germ layers during the embryonic stage.
GRADED A+ WITH ELABORATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS
EMTALA
A patient, including a pregnant patient in OB triage, must receive a
medical screening exam and stabilizing treatment.
Pregnancy Signs
· Presumptive signs are subjective symptoms reported by the client: amenorrhea, nausea,
breast tenderness, fatigue, urinary frequency.
· Probable signs are more objective but not diagnostic: positive pregnancy test, Goodell sign
(a significant softening of the cervix, happens 4-6 weeks in pregnancy) , Chadwick sign (dark
blue purple or violet color of the cervix, vagina, and labia, usually appears in about 6-8 weeks
due to heavy blood flow in the area) , Hegar sign (a softening of the lower segment of the
uterus right above the cervix, often felt between 6-12 weeks), ballottement ( clinical
examination technique used to detect a solid object or fluid floating within a fluid filled body
cavity).
· Positive/diagnostic signs include foetal heartbeat, ultrasound visualization, and fetal
movement palpated by an examiner.
Conception and Prenatal Development
· Fertilization most often occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
· Embryonic stage: major organs begin forming from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm.
· Foetal period follows embryonic development and focuses on growth and maturation.
Folic Acid and Neural Tube Defects
· Neural tube development happens early, often before pregnancy is recognized.
· Recommended preconception supplementation is commonly 0.4-0.8 mg folic acid daily
unless a higher-risk condition requires more by provider order.
· The key teaching point: start before pregnancy or as early as possible.
,Reproductive Health and Menstrual Disorders
· Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) symptoms
differentiate from other menstrual disorders due to their timing of symptoms. Symptoms
occur before menses and improve after menstruation starts.
· Endometriosis is suggested by severe pelvic pain/cramping with infertility or pain that is
more than typical menstrual cramps.
· Primary dysmenorrhea usually causes cramping around menses without fertility concerns.
Contraceptives and ACHES
· ACHES warning signs for oral contraceptives: Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Headaches
severe, Eye problems, Severe leg pain.
· Severe abdominal pain is reportable. Mild bloating or occasional mild headaches are not the
classic warning signs.
GTPAL Practice
· Example from the exam: current pregnancy + two term births + one miscarriage at 10 weeks
+ two living children = G=4 T2 P0 A1 L2.
· Current pregnancy counts in gravida but not in term/preterm/abortion/living until outcome
occurs.
· Twins count as one pregnancy for gravida and one birth event for T/P, but two living
children if both living.
EDD with Naegele's Rule
· First day of LMP August 1, 2025 + 7 days = August 8, 2025.
· Subtract 3 months = May 8, 2025.
· Add 1 year = May 8, 2026.
, Placenta Functions
· Endocrine support: produces hormones that maintain pregnancy.
· Exchange: transfers oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus.
· Waste removal: moves foetal waste products back to maternal circulation.
· The placenta does not create foetal blood vessels as its primary function and does not fully
protect from all pathogens.
Clinical judgment/prioritization
Prioritize the client showing the greatest clinical deterioration, unstable vital signs, or
decreased level of consciousness.
Language barriers
Use a qualified interpreter. Goal met when the patient/family can state understanding through
the interpreter.
Cultural awareness
Assess the patient's cultural beliefs and incorporate them when safe and possible. Do not
assume.
Rh incompatibility
Rho(D) immune globulin prevents an Rh-negative mother from forming antibodies that could
harm a future Rh-positive foetus.
Embryonic development
Major organs form from the three germ layers during the embryonic stage.
