HIGH-ACUITY NURSING FINAL PAPER
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY SHEET
●● what is autoregulation?
Answer: the body's ability to maintain blood flow at nearly normal
levels despite marked changes in arterial pressure
●● normal ICP value
Answer: 0-15mmHg
●● if the ICP is over 40:
Answer: the brain cannot compensate with autoregulation
●● normal MAP value
Answer: 70-100
●● if MAP is less than 60:
Answer: the body cannot maintain cerebral blood flow
●● CPP=
Answer: MAP-ICP
,●● normal CPP value
Answer: 70-100
●● CPP less than 50 causes
Answer: tissue ischemia
●● CPP less than 30 causes
Answer: neuronal hypoxia and death
●● patho tree of IICP
Answer: cranial insult > tissue edema > IICP > compression of blood
vessels > decreased cerebral blood flow > decreased oxygen with death
of brain cells > edema around necrotic tissue > IICP with compression of
brainstem and respiratory system > accumulation of CO2 > vasodilation
> IICP from increase in blood volume > death
●● vasogenic cerebral edema
Answer: -most common type
-result of leaky capillaries
-brain injury
●● cytotoxic cerebral edema
, Answer: cells break open and leak contents into cerebral tissue
●● interstitial cerebral edema
Answer: -increased CSF in pt with uncontrolled hydrocephalus
-can also be cause by enlargement of extracellular space as a result of
systemic water excess
●● where can ICP catheters be inserted at?
Answer: -ventricles
-subarachnoid space
-epidural space (least invasive because it does not cross the meninges;
less risk for infection)
-brain parenchymal tissue
-remember: inserting anything into the brain (like a catheter) is going to
increase ICP, so less invasive is better
●● where is the transducer leveled at?
Answer: foramen of Monro; external reference point is the external
auditory canal/tragus
●● zeroing the extraventricular drainage system
Answer: -qshift, when reconnecting the monitor, and with position
changes
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY SHEET
●● what is autoregulation?
Answer: the body's ability to maintain blood flow at nearly normal
levels despite marked changes in arterial pressure
●● normal ICP value
Answer: 0-15mmHg
●● if the ICP is over 40:
Answer: the brain cannot compensate with autoregulation
●● normal MAP value
Answer: 70-100
●● if MAP is less than 60:
Answer: the body cannot maintain cerebral blood flow
●● CPP=
Answer: MAP-ICP
,●● normal CPP value
Answer: 70-100
●● CPP less than 50 causes
Answer: tissue ischemia
●● CPP less than 30 causes
Answer: neuronal hypoxia and death
●● patho tree of IICP
Answer: cranial insult > tissue edema > IICP > compression of blood
vessels > decreased cerebral blood flow > decreased oxygen with death
of brain cells > edema around necrotic tissue > IICP with compression of
brainstem and respiratory system > accumulation of CO2 > vasodilation
> IICP from increase in blood volume > death
●● vasogenic cerebral edema
Answer: -most common type
-result of leaky capillaries
-brain injury
●● cytotoxic cerebral edema
, Answer: cells break open and leak contents into cerebral tissue
●● interstitial cerebral edema
Answer: -increased CSF in pt with uncontrolled hydrocephalus
-can also be cause by enlargement of extracellular space as a result of
systemic water excess
●● where can ICP catheters be inserted at?
Answer: -ventricles
-subarachnoid space
-epidural space (least invasive because it does not cross the meninges;
less risk for infection)
-brain parenchymal tissue
-remember: inserting anything into the brain (like a catheter) is going to
increase ICP, so less invasive is better
●● where is the transducer leveled at?
Answer: foramen of Monro; external reference point is the external
auditory canal/tragus
●● zeroing the extraventricular drainage system
Answer: -qshift, when reconnecting the monitor, and with position
changes
