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What are the major snakebite syndromes?
Neurotoxic; Hemotoxic; Cytotoxic
What are the major signs and symptoms of a neurotoxic snakebite?
Bilateral Ptosis, Descending paralysis, Dyspnea/AMS
,What are the major signs and symptoms of a hemotoxic snakebite?
Coagulopathy (Vicc), Local Bleeding, Systemic Bleeding
What are the major signs and symptoms of a cytotoxic snakebite?
Severe Pain, Progressive edema, Tissue destruction
When treating a snake bite patient, identifying the snake species will not change
your patient care.
True
Snake bite victims should be aggressively treated with antivenom regardless of if
they have developed signs or symptoms.
True
What is the preferred route for snake antivenom administration?
Intravenous (IV)
Snake antivenom dosage is not weight-based and there is no difference in dosing
between adults and children.
True
,Overdosing snake antivenom is not a concern during the active treatment phase,
and the worst-case scenario is an allergic reaction
True
The evacuation of a patient with snakebite envenomation takes precedence over the
administration of the appropriate antivenom
False
Observe and monitor the patient closely at the bedside for a minimum
of___________ after each dose of antivenom has been given.
1 Hour
Compartment syndrome is common in snakebites. Patients should receive a
fasciotomy in conjunction with antivenom in most cases
False
Routine administration of antibiotics should not be given to patients with
snakebites unless signs and symptoms of an infection are present. Direct infections
are rare from most snakebites when prompt, appropriate treatment is given
True
, Continuous clinical monitoring for the effectiveness of snake antivenom includes:
hourly checks of vital signs, urine output, and detailed assessment for new or
worsening signs of neurotoxic, hemotoxic, or cytotoxic envenomation.
Snakebite patients should be held for at least 24 hours after resolution of all signs
and symptoms, and the following steps should be completed prior to discharge:
A. Repeat blood tests before releasing the patient to ensure resolution of
coagulopathy.
B. Administer a booster dose of tetanus toxoid if needed.
C. Patients should be instructed to return if any new or worrying signs or
symptoms develop.
What is the only prophylactic treatment that has been shown to effectively reduce
the incidence of early adverse reactions in snakebite patients?
Epinephrine is the only prophylactic treatment (pretreatment) that has been shown
to effectively reduce the incidence of early adverse reactions (EARs)
Serum sickness associated with antivenom treatment may be uncomfortable but is
not dangerous.
True
What interventions are NOT appropriate when treating a snakebite?