Test bank for evidence-based physical examination: best practices for
health and well-being assessment 2nd edition by kate gawlik all
chapters 1-29 with rationales a+ grade latest update 2026-2027
CHAPTER 1: Approach to Evidence-Based Assessment of Health and
Well-Being
1. After completing an initial assessment of a patient, the nurse has
charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58 beats per
minute. These types of data would be:
a) Reflective
b) Objective
c) Subjective
d) Introspective
Answer: b) Objective
Rationale: Objective data are what the health professional observes by
inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical
examination. The nurse directly measured the pulse and observed
respirations. Subjective data is what the person says about themselves
,during history taking. The terms reflective and introspective are not
used to describe clinical data types .
2. A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, is nauseated, and
feels hot. These types of data would be:
a) Objective
b) Reflective
c) Subjective
d) Introspective
Answer: c) Subjective
Rationale: Subjective data are what the person says about himself or
herself during history taking. The patient is reporting his own feelings
and symptoms. Objective data are what the health professional
observes during the physical examination. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe clinical data .
3. The patient's record, laboratory studies, objective data, and
subjective data combine to form the:
,a) Medical diagnosis
b) Nursing diagnosis
c) Data base
d) Discharge plan
Answer: c) Data base
Rationale: Together with the patient's record and laboratory studies,
the objective and subjective data form the data base. This
comprehensive collection of information serves as the foundation for
all subsequent clinical decision-making, including diagnosis and care
planning .
4. When listening to a patient's breath sounds, the nurse is unsure of a
sound that is heard. The nurse's next action should be to:
a) Immediately notify the patient's physician
b) Document the sound exactly as it was heard
c) Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds
, d) Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present
Answer: c) Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the
breath sounds
Rationale: When unsure of a sound heard while listening to a patient's
breath sounds, the nurse validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the
nurse has less experience in an area, it is appropriate to ask an expert
to listen. This is a key principle of evidence-based practice—confirming
findings through collaboration .
5. The nurse is conducting a class for new graduate nurses. During the
teaching session, the nurse should keep in mind that novice nurses,
without a background of skills and experience from which to draw, are
more likely to make their decisions using:
a) Intuition
b) A set of rules
c) Pattern recognition
d) Clinical judgment
Answer: b) A set of rules
health and well-being assessment 2nd edition by kate gawlik all
chapters 1-29 with rationales a+ grade latest update 2026-2027
CHAPTER 1: Approach to Evidence-Based Assessment of Health and
Well-Being
1. After completing an initial assessment of a patient, the nurse has
charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58 beats per
minute. These types of data would be:
a) Reflective
b) Objective
c) Subjective
d) Introspective
Answer: b) Objective
Rationale: Objective data are what the health professional observes by
inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical
examination. The nurse directly measured the pulse and observed
respirations. Subjective data is what the person says about themselves
,during history taking. The terms reflective and introspective are not
used to describe clinical data types .
2. A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, is nauseated, and
feels hot. These types of data would be:
a) Objective
b) Reflective
c) Subjective
d) Introspective
Answer: c) Subjective
Rationale: Subjective data are what the person says about himself or
herself during history taking. The patient is reporting his own feelings
and symptoms. Objective data are what the health professional
observes during the physical examination. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe clinical data .
3. The patient's record, laboratory studies, objective data, and
subjective data combine to form the:
,a) Medical diagnosis
b) Nursing diagnosis
c) Data base
d) Discharge plan
Answer: c) Data base
Rationale: Together with the patient's record and laboratory studies,
the objective and subjective data form the data base. This
comprehensive collection of information serves as the foundation for
all subsequent clinical decision-making, including diagnosis and care
planning .
4. When listening to a patient's breath sounds, the nurse is unsure of a
sound that is heard. The nurse's next action should be to:
a) Immediately notify the patient's physician
b) Document the sound exactly as it was heard
c) Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds
, d) Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present
Answer: c) Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the
breath sounds
Rationale: When unsure of a sound heard while listening to a patient's
breath sounds, the nurse validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the
nurse has less experience in an area, it is appropriate to ask an expert
to listen. This is a key principle of evidence-based practice—confirming
findings through collaboration .
5. The nurse is conducting a class for new graduate nurses. During the
teaching session, the nurse should keep in mind that novice nurses,
without a background of skills and experience from which to draw, are
more likely to make their decisions using:
a) Intuition
b) A set of rules
c) Pattern recognition
d) Clinical judgment
Answer: b) A set of rules
