,NSG 320 Exam 1 Adult Health Nursing I Questions And Answers
2026/2027 Grand canyon university
Q1. Which pathophysiologic process is characteristic of type 1
diabetes mellitus?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Excessive insulin production
C. Increased sensitivity to insulin
D. Excess thyroid hormone production
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from destruction of pancreatic beta cells,
causing an absolute deficiency of insulin.
**Q2. Which finding is characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Absolute absence of insulin from disease onset
B. Insulin resistance with progressive impairment of insulin secretion
C. Autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue
D. Excess production of glucagon only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized primarily by insulin resistance
combined with progressive decline in beta-cell function.
**Q3. Which hormone lowers blood glucose?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin promotes movement of glucose from the bloodstream
into cells and suppresses hepatic glucose production.
**Q4. Which hormone increases blood glucose?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Calcitonin
D. Thyroxine
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon raises blood glucose primarily by stimulating hepatic
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
**Q5. Which symptom is commonly associated with hyperglycemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypothermia
D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excess glucose in the blood increases renal glucose excretion,
causing osmotic diuresis and increased urination.
**Q6. Which finding is commonly associated with hyperglycemia?
A. Polydipsia
B. Tremor with diaphoresis
C. Confusion immediately after insulin administration
D. Increased bowel sounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid loss from osmotic diuresis produces thirst and increased
fluid intake.
**Q7. Which finding is most consistent with hypoglycemia?
A. Sweating, tremor, and palpitations
B. Polyuria and polydipsia
C. Warm dry skin with fruity breath
D. Kussmaul respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia activates the sympathetic nervous system and
can cause diaphoresis, tremor, tachycardia, hunger, and anxiety.
**Q8. A conscious client with diabetes has a blood glucose of 58 mg/dL. What
is the priority intervention?
A. Give a rapid-acting source of glucose.
B. Administer additional insulin.
2026/2027 Grand canyon university
Q1. Which pathophysiologic process is characteristic of type 1
diabetes mellitus?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Excessive insulin production
C. Increased sensitivity to insulin
D. Excess thyroid hormone production
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from destruction of pancreatic beta cells,
causing an absolute deficiency of insulin.
**Q2. Which finding is characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Absolute absence of insulin from disease onset
B. Insulin resistance with progressive impairment of insulin secretion
C. Autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue
D. Excess production of glucagon only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized primarily by insulin resistance
combined with progressive decline in beta-cell function.
**Q3. Which hormone lowers blood glucose?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin promotes movement of glucose from the bloodstream
into cells and suppresses hepatic glucose production.
**Q4. Which hormone increases blood glucose?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Calcitonin
D. Thyroxine
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon raises blood glucose primarily by stimulating hepatic
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
**Q5. Which symptom is commonly associated with hyperglycemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypothermia
D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excess glucose in the blood increases renal glucose excretion,
causing osmotic diuresis and increased urination.
**Q6. Which finding is commonly associated with hyperglycemia?
A. Polydipsia
B. Tremor with diaphoresis
C. Confusion immediately after insulin administration
D. Increased bowel sounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid loss from osmotic diuresis produces thirst and increased
fluid intake.
**Q7. Which finding is most consistent with hypoglycemia?
A. Sweating, tremor, and palpitations
B. Polyuria and polydipsia
C. Warm dry skin with fruity breath
D. Kussmaul respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia activates the sympathetic nervous system and
can cause diaphoresis, tremor, tachycardia, hunger, and anxiety.
**Q8. A conscious client with diabetes has a blood glucose of 58 mg/dL. What
is the priority intervention?
A. Give a rapid-acting source of glucose.
B. Administer additional insulin.
