OPENSTAX MICROBIOLOGY- CH1 EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026

OPENSTAX MICROBIOLOGY- CH1 EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026 Most microorganisms are - Answers invisible to the naked eye and harmless micrboes can be found - Answers Everywhere Microorganisms can be used for - Answers biofuels, medicines and foods Skin has how many microbes - Answers trillions Describe how ancestors improved food with the use of invisible microbes - Answers fermentation describe how the cause of sickness and disease were explained in ancient times, prior to the invention of the microscope - Answers angry gods, bad air, Describe key historical events associated with the birth of microbiology - Answers -invention of microscope strong enough to see microbes -isolation of specific microbes to identify causes of disease Fermentation - Answers a process that uses bacteria, mold, or yeast to convert Sugars (carbohydrates) into alcohol, gasses and organic acids (like vinegar) Yeast fermentation yeilds - Answers Ethanol and CO2 What type of microorganisms would likely be killed by antibiotic treatment - Answers Hippocrates believed - Answers disease had natural causes that came from inside forces or the environment, not supernatural Thucydides (father of scientific history) - Answers advocated for evidence-based analysis of cause-and-effect reasoning. No reinfections of the plague even around actively sick people Give two examples of foods that have historically been produced by humans with the aid of microbes - Answers beer, wine, cheese, bread Explain how historical understanding of disease contributed to attempts to treat and contain disease - Answers caveman= creams and fungus to fight the gods romans= underground sewage to fight "bad air" biblical times= quatantine to fight communicable diseases Leeuwenhoek - Answers 1670's ; father of modern microbiology; first to observe living cells Golden Age of Microbiology - Answers Louis Pasteur - Answers -discovered the relationship between microbes and disease, immunity, and antimicrobial drugs -discovered fermentation was caused by microbes -invented pasteurization -created early vaccine for rabies Robert Koch - Answers first to demonstrate relationship between a single, isolated microbe and a known human disease. EX. discovered the bacteria that cause anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis How did the discovery of microbes change human understanding of disease - Answers they finally had proof that microbes cause disease, and each microbe is related to specific diseases Describe how microorganisms are classified and distinguished as unique species - Answers Compare historical and current systems of taxonomy used to classify microorganisms - Answers Taxinomy - Answers classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms into different groups based on their shared characteristics. Linneaus - Answers Father of taxonomy