NR 565 FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026 ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
AND CLINICAL REASONING PRINCIPLES
◉ bacteriocidal. Answer: kills the bacteria and stops the growth or
spread of the infection
◉ Bacteriostatic drugs. Answer: clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
◉ Bactericidal drugs. Answer: ahminoglycosides
beta-lactums
fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Streptogramins
vancomycin
◉ anti-microbial resistance. Answer: 1.) not knowing if the pt had
recent use of antibiotics
2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics
,3.) not performing susceptibility testing
4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years
5.) Daycare center attendance
6.) Exposure to young children
7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities
8.) Immunosuppression
◉ subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS. Answer: natural PCNS
aminopenicillins
anti-staphylococcal PCNs
extended Spectrum PCNs
◉ Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs. Answer: inhibit
biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring)
◉ 1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.. Answer: penicillin V
◉ 1st line therapy for all bites. Answer: Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
(Augmentin)
◉ Natural PCN's, Drugs. Answer: Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin)
Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na)
,Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin)
Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen)
Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)
◉ Natural PCNs active against. Answer: aerobic gram (+) organisms
◉ Aminopenicillins active against. Answer: Gram (-) organisms
◉ Aminopenicillins Drugs. Answer: Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
◉ 1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis. Answer:
Amoxicillin
◉ When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase
inhibitors. Answer: their spectrum in broadened
◉ beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with
aminopenicillins. Answer: clavulanate, sulbactam, & tazobactam
, ◉ Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs. Answer: Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
◉ Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against. Answer:
Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-negative staphylococci,
peptostreptococcus
◉ Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs. Answer: piperacillin
ticarcillin
combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
◉ Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against. Answer: gram (-)
organisms
◉ 1st generation cephalosporins drugs. Answer: Cephradine
(Anspor)
GUIDE 2026 ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
AND CLINICAL REASONING PRINCIPLES
◉ bacteriocidal. Answer: kills the bacteria and stops the growth or
spread of the infection
◉ Bacteriostatic drugs. Answer: clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
◉ Bactericidal drugs. Answer: ahminoglycosides
beta-lactums
fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Streptogramins
vancomycin
◉ anti-microbial resistance. Answer: 1.) not knowing if the pt had
recent use of antibiotics
2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics
,3.) not performing susceptibility testing
4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years
5.) Daycare center attendance
6.) Exposure to young children
7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities
8.) Immunosuppression
◉ subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS. Answer: natural PCNS
aminopenicillins
anti-staphylococcal PCNs
extended Spectrum PCNs
◉ Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs. Answer: inhibit
biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring)
◉ 1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.. Answer: penicillin V
◉ 1st line therapy for all bites. Answer: Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
(Augmentin)
◉ Natural PCN's, Drugs. Answer: Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin)
Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na)
,Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin)
Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen)
Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)
◉ Natural PCNs active against. Answer: aerobic gram (+) organisms
◉ Aminopenicillins active against. Answer: Gram (-) organisms
◉ Aminopenicillins Drugs. Answer: Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
◉ 1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis. Answer:
Amoxicillin
◉ When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase
inhibitors. Answer: their spectrum in broadened
◉ beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with
aminopenicillins. Answer: clavulanate, sulbactam, & tazobactam
, ◉ Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs. Answer: Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
◉ Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against. Answer:
Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-negative staphylococci,
peptostreptococcus
◉ Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs. Answer: piperacillin
ticarcillin
combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
◉ Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against. Answer: gram (-)
organisms
◉ 1st generation cephalosporins drugs. Answer: Cephradine
(Anspor)
