NR 565 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Factors that affect drug absorption (5).
Answer: Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
◉ Factors that affect drug distribution (4).
Answer: Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
◉ Pharmacodynamics.
,Answer: The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs
on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects
are produced
"What the body does to the drug"
◉ Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action.
Answer: Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
◉ Types of drug therapy (7).
Answer: Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
◉ Idiosyncratic Effect.
Answer: Unexpected response to medication
, ◉ Tolerance.
Answer: Declining response to a drug
◉ Dependence.
Answer: Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for
normal function
◉ Addiction.
Answer: Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous
effects
◉ Drug interactions: drug-drug.
Answer: When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes
◉ Drug interactions: food-drug.
Answer: Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
◉ Drug interactions: additive.
Answer: 1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
◉ Drug interactions: antagonistic.
Answer: 1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or both drugs
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Factors that affect drug absorption (5).
Answer: Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
◉ Factors that affect drug distribution (4).
Answer: Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
◉ Pharmacodynamics.
,Answer: The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs
on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects
are produced
"What the body does to the drug"
◉ Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action.
Answer: Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
◉ Types of drug therapy (7).
Answer: Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
◉ Idiosyncratic Effect.
Answer: Unexpected response to medication
, ◉ Tolerance.
Answer: Declining response to a drug
◉ Dependence.
Answer: Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for
normal function
◉ Addiction.
Answer: Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous
effects
◉ Drug interactions: drug-drug.
Answer: When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes
◉ Drug interactions: food-drug.
Answer: Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
◉ Drug interactions: additive.
Answer: 1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
◉ Drug interactions: antagonistic.
Answer: 1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or both drugs
