WGU C180: Introduction
to Psychology – Pre-
Assessment Exam &
Comprehensive Study
Guide
C
Terms in this set (172)
,Who was a key figure in the development
-B. F. Skinner
of the behaviorist school of
psychological thought?
(G)Skinner identified three types of responses, or operant, that
can follow behavior.
-William James
-Neutral operants: Responses from the environment that
-B. F. Skinner
neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior
-Sigmund Freud
being repeated.
-Edward Titchener
-Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that increase
the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can
be either positive or negative.
-Punishers: Responses from the environment that decrease the
likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens
behavior.
(Operant=involving the modification of behavior by
the reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own
consequences (instrumental conditioning).
noun
an item of behavior that is initially spontaneous, rather than a
response to a prior stimulus, but whose consequences may
reinforce or inhibit recurrence of that behavior.)
Who was a key figure in the development
-Sigmund Freud
of psychoanalysis?
(G)a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical
-Ivan Pavlov
method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as
-Sigmund Freud
originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue
-William James
between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory
-Edward Titchener
of mind and human agency derived from it.
Which level of need must be met before the
-Physiological
need for belongingness and love can
be
Maslow's Hierarchy of
satisfied, according to Maslow's hierarchy
Needs From most important
of needs?
to least:
1-Physiological Needs-Water, food, air
-Physiological
2-Safety Needs-Shelter, protection
-Self-actualization
3-Belongingness Needs-sense of belonging and loved
-Esteem
4-Esteem Needs-Mastery of feeling appreciated by others
-Functional
5-Cognitive Needs-Understanding the world, creating
curiosity
6-Aesthetic Needs-Harmony and order
Suppose there is a positive correlation
-As age increases, the level of life satisfaction also increases.
between age and life satisfaction.
What conclusion does the correlation
support?
-As age increases, the level of life
satisfaction also increases.
-There is no relationship between age and
life satisfaction.
-Aging causes a decrease in life
satisfaction.
-As age increases, the level of life
satisfaction decreases.
, How can psychological researchers -By collecting all the data from experiments before running
reduce the impact of their own biases? the statistics
-By collecting all the data from experiments
before running the statistics
-By looking back after the study has been
completed and judging its merits
-By accepting conclusions if they appear
intuitive
-By examining data from a series of
observations and looking for trends
Phineas Gage was involved in a serious -Case study
railway construction accident in 1848. A steel
rod went through his left cheek and exited (G)A case study is an in-depth examination of a specific
through the top of his head. After he person, group, event, or organization to gain a multifaceted
recovered, people who knew him noticed understanding
that his personality and behavior were
different. Eventually, descriptions of Gage
before and after the accident provided
evidence that the frontal lobe is involved in
executive functioning.
Which research method does the study of
Gage represent?
-Case study
-Experiment
-Meta-analysis
-Factor analysis
Which principle should be established in -Participants should be protected from needless harm.
any psychological study?
-Participants should be protected from
needless harm.
-Participants should not be told the true
nature of the study.
-Participants should be offered access to all
data from the study.
-Participants should be compensated for
their involvement.
Which part of the brain is responsible for -Hippocampus
memory?
(G)region of the brain that is associated primarily with
-Hippocampus memory. The name hippocampus is derived from the
-Hypothalamus Greek hippokampus (hippos, meaning "horse," and kampos,
-Thalamus meaning "sea monster"), since the structure's shape resembles
-Amygdala that of a sea horse.
to Psychology – Pre-
Assessment Exam &
Comprehensive Study
Guide
C
Terms in this set (172)
,Who was a key figure in the development
-B. F. Skinner
of the behaviorist school of
psychological thought?
(G)Skinner identified three types of responses, or operant, that
can follow behavior.
-William James
-Neutral operants: Responses from the environment that
-B. F. Skinner
neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior
-Sigmund Freud
being repeated.
-Edward Titchener
-Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that increase
the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can
be either positive or negative.
-Punishers: Responses from the environment that decrease the
likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens
behavior.
(Operant=involving the modification of behavior by
the reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own
consequences (instrumental conditioning).
noun
an item of behavior that is initially spontaneous, rather than a
response to a prior stimulus, but whose consequences may
reinforce or inhibit recurrence of that behavior.)
Who was a key figure in the development
-Sigmund Freud
of psychoanalysis?
(G)a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical
-Ivan Pavlov
method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as
-Sigmund Freud
originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue
-William James
between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory
-Edward Titchener
of mind and human agency derived from it.
Which level of need must be met before the
-Physiological
need for belongingness and love can
be
Maslow's Hierarchy of
satisfied, according to Maslow's hierarchy
Needs From most important
of needs?
to least:
1-Physiological Needs-Water, food, air
-Physiological
2-Safety Needs-Shelter, protection
-Self-actualization
3-Belongingness Needs-sense of belonging and loved
-Esteem
4-Esteem Needs-Mastery of feeling appreciated by others
-Functional
5-Cognitive Needs-Understanding the world, creating
curiosity
6-Aesthetic Needs-Harmony and order
Suppose there is a positive correlation
-As age increases, the level of life satisfaction also increases.
between age and life satisfaction.
What conclusion does the correlation
support?
-As age increases, the level of life
satisfaction also increases.
-There is no relationship between age and
life satisfaction.
-Aging causes a decrease in life
satisfaction.
-As age increases, the level of life
satisfaction decreases.
, How can psychological researchers -By collecting all the data from experiments before running
reduce the impact of their own biases? the statistics
-By collecting all the data from experiments
before running the statistics
-By looking back after the study has been
completed and judging its merits
-By accepting conclusions if they appear
intuitive
-By examining data from a series of
observations and looking for trends
Phineas Gage was involved in a serious -Case study
railway construction accident in 1848. A steel
rod went through his left cheek and exited (G)A case study is an in-depth examination of a specific
through the top of his head. After he person, group, event, or organization to gain a multifaceted
recovered, people who knew him noticed understanding
that his personality and behavior were
different. Eventually, descriptions of Gage
before and after the accident provided
evidence that the frontal lobe is involved in
executive functioning.
Which research method does the study of
Gage represent?
-Case study
-Experiment
-Meta-analysis
-Factor analysis
Which principle should be established in -Participants should be protected from needless harm.
any psychological study?
-Participants should be protected from
needless harm.
-Participants should not be told the true
nature of the study.
-Participants should be offered access to all
data from the study.
-Participants should be compensated for
their involvement.
Which part of the brain is responsible for -Hippocampus
memory?
(G)region of the brain that is associated primarily with
-Hippocampus memory. The name hippocampus is derived from the
-Hypothalamus Greek hippokampus (hippos, meaning "horse," and kampos,
-Thalamus meaning "sea monster"), since the structure's shape resembles
-Amygdala that of a sea horse.
