ANP1106 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. basic principles of electricity
Answer:
-Opposite charges attract each other
-Energy is required to separate opposite charges across a membrane
-Energy is liberated when the charges move toward one another
-If opposite charges are separated, the system has potential energy
Question:
2. 2 main types of ion channels
Answer:
leakage and gated
Question:
3. chemically gated channels
Answer:
open in response to binding neurotransmitter
Question:
4. voltage gated channels
Answer:
- open and close in response to changes in membrane potential
- only found in excitable tissues
Question:
5. mechanically gated channels
Answer:
open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors (sensory
receptors)
Question:
6. electrochemical gradient
Answer:
- electrical and chemical gradients combined
ion flow creates an electrical current and voltage changes across membrane
, Question:
7. membrane potentials
Answer:
- neurons are excitable
- membrane potentials change to receive, integrate, and send info
Question:
8. graded potentials
Answer:
- incoming signals over short distances, depolarization decays
- accumulation of graded potentials can activate an action potential
Question:
9. action potentials
Answer:
- long distance signals of axons
- strength doesn't decrease like a GP
- referred to as a nerve impulse
Question:
10. action potential steps
Answer:
1. resting state (-70)
2. depolarization (Na+ enters, reached +30)
3. repolarization (K+ leaves cell)
4. hyperpolarization (K+ gates close slowly)
Question:
11. Frequency and stimulus intensity
Answer:
- number of APs received per second
- higher frequencies; stronger stimulus
Question:
12. where do APs occur
Answer:
axons only
Question:
13. when do graded potentials become action potentials
Answer:
when it reaches the first node of ranvier
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. basic principles of electricity
Answer:
-Opposite charges attract each other
-Energy is required to separate opposite charges across a membrane
-Energy is liberated when the charges move toward one another
-If opposite charges are separated, the system has potential energy
Question:
2. 2 main types of ion channels
Answer:
leakage and gated
Question:
3. chemically gated channels
Answer:
open in response to binding neurotransmitter
Question:
4. voltage gated channels
Answer:
- open and close in response to changes in membrane potential
- only found in excitable tissues
Question:
5. mechanically gated channels
Answer:
open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors (sensory
receptors)
Question:
6. electrochemical gradient
Answer:
- electrical and chemical gradients combined
ion flow creates an electrical current and voltage changes across membrane
, Question:
7. membrane potentials
Answer:
- neurons are excitable
- membrane potentials change to receive, integrate, and send info
Question:
8. graded potentials
Answer:
- incoming signals over short distances, depolarization decays
- accumulation of graded potentials can activate an action potential
Question:
9. action potentials
Answer:
- long distance signals of axons
- strength doesn't decrease like a GP
- referred to as a nerve impulse
Question:
10. action potential steps
Answer:
1. resting state (-70)
2. depolarization (Na+ enters, reached +30)
3. repolarization (K+ leaves cell)
4. hyperpolarization (K+ gates close slowly)
Question:
11. Frequency and stimulus intensity
Answer:
- number of APs received per second
- higher frequencies; stronger stimulus
Question:
12. where do APs occur
Answer:
axons only
Question:
13. when do graded potentials become action potentials
Answer:
when it reaches the first node of ranvier
