NR 293 EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026 BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS AND
FUNDAMENTAL PATIENT CARE PRINCIPLES
◉ What are hormones?
Answer: The "CHEMICAL LANGUAGE" of the endocrine system
- Natural substances
- Secreted into the bloodstream and travels through the blood to the
site of action
◉ Hypothalamus
Answer: Part of the CNS
- MASTER
- THERMOSTAT
◉ Pituitary Gland
Answer: Has two lobes
- Anterior pituitary (adenohypohysis)
- Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
They govern all bodily functions (hormones and negative feedback
loop)
,◉ Negative Feedback Loop
Answer: Activity of the endocrine system regulated by this system of
surveillance and signaling based on the body's needs
- Regulates hormone secretion
◉ What are the anterior pituitary drugs?
Answer: Cosyntopin
Somatopin
Octreotide
◉ What are the posterior pituitary drugs?
Answer: Vasopressin
Desmopressin
◉ Cosyntopin (Cortosyn)
Answer: STIMULATES RELEASE OF CORTISOL FROM THE ADRENAL
CORTEX
- Anti-inflammatory
- DIAGNOSIS OF ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY
- Wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
,- Promotes renal retention of SODIUM, WHICH CAN RESULT IN
EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION
◉ Somatropin & Somatem
Answer: Recombinantly made GROWTH HORMONE (GH)
- Stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH, such as
HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM
◉ Octreotide (Sandostatin)
Answer: CARCINOID TUMORS SECRETE VIP (vasoactive intestinal
polypeptide)
- VIP causes PROFUSE, WATERY DIARRHEA
- Octreotide reduces diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening
HYPOTENSION that may occur with a CARCINOID CRISIS
◉ Vasopressin & Desmopressin
Answer: Mimic the action of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
- Increase WATER REABSORPTION in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts of nephrons that concentrate urine
- REDUCES WATER EXCRETION by up to 90%
- Used in treatment with DIABETES INSIPIDUS
◉ Indications for Vasopressin
, Answer: ADH - Diabetes Insipidus
- POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR
- HYPOTENSIVE EMERGENCIES (Vasodilatory Shock - Septic Shock)
- ADVANCES CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) - PULSELESS CARDIAC
ARREST
- Used to STOP BLEEDING OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
◉ Indications for Desmopressin
Answer: DDVAP
- Dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of:
- Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor)
- Von Willebrand factor
- Tissue plasminogen activator (HELPS WITH CLOTTING)
- Management of NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
◉ Nursing Implications (Octreotide - Sandostatin)
Answer: - May impair GALLBLADDER FUNCTION
- Instruct patient to report ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Use with caution on patients with RENAL impairment
- Monitor glucose levels in patients without and with diabetes
- Can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
GUIDE 2026 BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS AND
FUNDAMENTAL PATIENT CARE PRINCIPLES
◉ What are hormones?
Answer: The "CHEMICAL LANGUAGE" of the endocrine system
- Natural substances
- Secreted into the bloodstream and travels through the blood to the
site of action
◉ Hypothalamus
Answer: Part of the CNS
- MASTER
- THERMOSTAT
◉ Pituitary Gland
Answer: Has two lobes
- Anterior pituitary (adenohypohysis)
- Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
They govern all bodily functions (hormones and negative feedback
loop)
,◉ Negative Feedback Loop
Answer: Activity of the endocrine system regulated by this system of
surveillance and signaling based on the body's needs
- Regulates hormone secretion
◉ What are the anterior pituitary drugs?
Answer: Cosyntopin
Somatopin
Octreotide
◉ What are the posterior pituitary drugs?
Answer: Vasopressin
Desmopressin
◉ Cosyntopin (Cortosyn)
Answer: STIMULATES RELEASE OF CORTISOL FROM THE ADRENAL
CORTEX
- Anti-inflammatory
- DIAGNOSIS OF ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY
- Wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
,- Promotes renal retention of SODIUM, WHICH CAN RESULT IN
EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION
◉ Somatropin & Somatem
Answer: Recombinantly made GROWTH HORMONE (GH)
- Stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH, such as
HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM
◉ Octreotide (Sandostatin)
Answer: CARCINOID TUMORS SECRETE VIP (vasoactive intestinal
polypeptide)
- VIP causes PROFUSE, WATERY DIARRHEA
- Octreotide reduces diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening
HYPOTENSION that may occur with a CARCINOID CRISIS
◉ Vasopressin & Desmopressin
Answer: Mimic the action of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
- Increase WATER REABSORPTION in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts of nephrons that concentrate urine
- REDUCES WATER EXCRETION by up to 90%
- Used in treatment with DIABETES INSIPIDUS
◉ Indications for Vasopressin
, Answer: ADH - Diabetes Insipidus
- POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR
- HYPOTENSIVE EMERGENCIES (Vasodilatory Shock - Septic Shock)
- ADVANCES CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) - PULSELESS CARDIAC
ARREST
- Used to STOP BLEEDING OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
◉ Indications for Desmopressin
Answer: DDVAP
- Dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of:
- Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor)
- Von Willebrand factor
- Tissue plasminogen activator (HELPS WITH CLOTTING)
- Management of NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
◉ Nursing Implications (Octreotide - Sandostatin)
Answer: - May impair GALLBLADDER FUNCTION
- Instruct patient to report ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Use with caution on patients with RENAL impairment
- Monitor glucose levels in patients without and with diabetes
- Can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
