NR 283 FINAL EXAM FOUR
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION PRACTICE
BANK CLINICAL MASTERY
◉ chronic pain
Answer: • Chronic pain is usually more difficult to treat effectively
than acute pain, and the prognosis may be less certain.
• The patient often perceives chronic pain as being more
generalized, and it is difficult to discern an exact location.
• Because a specific cause may be less apparent to the person
experiencing the pain, the pain is more difficult to deal with and can
be debilitating.
• It is impossible to sustain a stress response over a long period of
time, and the individual with chronic pain frequently is fatigued,
irritable, and depressed.
• Sleep disturbances are common, and appetite may be affected,
leading to weight gain or loss.
• Constant pain frequently affects daily activities and may become a
primary focus in the life of the individual, thus complicating any
measures to affect pain control by medication or other methods.
,• Periods of acute pain may accompany exacerbations of chronic
disease, making it more difficult for the patient to participate
effectively in a pain management program.
• Long-term pain usually reduces tolerance to any additional injury
or illness.
◉ mild
Answer: pain is usually managed with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA/aspirin), both of which act primarily at the
peripheral site.
◉ moderate
Answer: pain is usually managed with codeine, either alone or, more
frequently, in combination with acetaminophen or aspirin.
◉ severe
Answer: pain is usually managed with morphine, hydromorphone,
or other narcotics.
◉ effect of local anesthetics
Answer: blocks nerve conduction (sensory) in a peripheral nerve
◉ purpose of local anesthetics
Answer: removal of a skin lesion; tooth extraction
, ◉ effect of general anesthetics
Answer: affects brain - partial or total loss of consciousness
◉ purpose of general anesthetics
Answer: general surgery, no pain/awareness when combined with
analgesic
◉ effect of spinal anesthetics
Answer: blocks nerve conduction (sensation) at and below level of
injection
◉ purpose of spinal anesthetics
Answer: surgery on lower part of the body: labor and delivery
◉ effect of neuroleptanesthetia
Answer: can respond to questions or commands
◉ purpose of neuroleptanesthetia
Answer: can allow surgeon to assess his or her progress
immediately through the patient response
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION PRACTICE
BANK CLINICAL MASTERY
◉ chronic pain
Answer: • Chronic pain is usually more difficult to treat effectively
than acute pain, and the prognosis may be less certain.
• The patient often perceives chronic pain as being more
generalized, and it is difficult to discern an exact location.
• Because a specific cause may be less apparent to the person
experiencing the pain, the pain is more difficult to deal with and can
be debilitating.
• It is impossible to sustain a stress response over a long period of
time, and the individual with chronic pain frequently is fatigued,
irritable, and depressed.
• Sleep disturbances are common, and appetite may be affected,
leading to weight gain or loss.
• Constant pain frequently affects daily activities and may become a
primary focus in the life of the individual, thus complicating any
measures to affect pain control by medication or other methods.
,• Periods of acute pain may accompany exacerbations of chronic
disease, making it more difficult for the patient to participate
effectively in a pain management program.
• Long-term pain usually reduces tolerance to any additional injury
or illness.
◉ mild
Answer: pain is usually managed with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA/aspirin), both of which act primarily at the
peripheral site.
◉ moderate
Answer: pain is usually managed with codeine, either alone or, more
frequently, in combination with acetaminophen or aspirin.
◉ severe
Answer: pain is usually managed with morphine, hydromorphone,
or other narcotics.
◉ effect of local anesthetics
Answer: blocks nerve conduction (sensory) in a peripheral nerve
◉ purpose of local anesthetics
Answer: removal of a skin lesion; tooth extraction
, ◉ effect of general anesthetics
Answer: affects brain - partial or total loss of consciousness
◉ purpose of general anesthetics
Answer: general surgery, no pain/awareness when combined with
analgesic
◉ effect of spinal anesthetics
Answer: blocks nerve conduction (sensation) at and below level of
injection
◉ purpose of spinal anesthetics
Answer: surgery on lower part of the body: labor and delivery
◉ effect of neuroleptanesthetia
Answer: can respond to questions or commands
◉ purpose of neuroleptanesthetia
Answer: can allow surgeon to assess his or her progress
immediately through the patient response
