PSYC 3402 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE | PSYC 3402 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
violence - correct answer ✔✔actual, attempted, or threatened physical harm that is deliberate
includes fear inducing behaviour that may be direct or indirect
first degree murder - correct answer ✔✔planned and deliberate
second degree murder - correct answer ✔✔anything that is not of the first degree
infanticide - correct answer ✔✔mother's killing of a baby within 24 hours of the infant's life
manslaughter - correct answer ✔✔death in the heat of passion or due to criminal negligence
homicide rates 2019-2023 - correct answer ✔✔going up up up then fell down in 2023
spree murder - correct answer ✔✔2+ victims at 2+ locations within 1 event
no cool off
mass murder - correct answer ✔✔4+ victims at 1 location within 1 event
no cool off
serial murder - correct answer ✔✔2+ victims at 2+ locations within multiple events
cool off period involved
Holmes and Holmes types of serial killers - correct answer ✔✔visionary: likely has psychosis, and a break
from reality
mission oriented: no psychosis. sees it as their job to rid the world of undesirables such as the homeless
hedonistic: does it for pleasure. could involve lust, thrill, money, etc
power and control: wants to feel the victim's life in their hands
Hickey's control model - correct answer ✔✔key instigator is unresolved/ unaddressed trauma. Leads to
self esteem issues, fantasies about violence, drug use, disassociation, etc
instrumental / proactive violence - correct answer ✔✔not emotionally driven
revenge, power and control, and material gain
cognitive distortions regarding a sense of entitlement and motivation of others is key!
, reactive / affective violence - correct answer ✔✔emotionally driven
victim injury tends to be high / more excessive due to poor internal controls
Rain's biosocial model of violence - correct answer ✔✔biological and social risk factors interact. they can
be moderated by genetic and environmental factors.
also applies to protective factors!
social learning theory - correct answer ✔✔violent behaviour is learned. violence is more likely when it is
expected to be more rewarding than nonviolent crimes.
not just direct punishment / reinforcement like OC, but watching others be punished and reinforced.
general aggression model - correct answer ✔✔aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables
that influence arousal, affective stages, and cognitions
how many organized crime groups are in Canada? how many are national? transnational? - correct
answer ✔✔over 2500
50% national
25% transnational
types of organized crime groups - correct answer ✔✔outlaw motorcycle gangs
mafia networks
street gangs
fent networks
money laundering
cyber enabled crime
5 countries Canada does the most organized crime work with - correct answer ✔✔US, Mexico, DR,
China, and Colombia
diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - correct answer ✔✔North America's most
common approach for dealing with mental disorders
international classification of diseases - correct answer ✔✔used throughout the rest of the world in
replacement of the DSM
mental disorders - correct answer ✔✔syndromes characterized by significant disturbance to cognitions,
emotions, or behaviours
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
violence - correct answer ✔✔actual, attempted, or threatened physical harm that is deliberate
includes fear inducing behaviour that may be direct or indirect
first degree murder - correct answer ✔✔planned and deliberate
second degree murder - correct answer ✔✔anything that is not of the first degree
infanticide - correct answer ✔✔mother's killing of a baby within 24 hours of the infant's life
manslaughter - correct answer ✔✔death in the heat of passion or due to criminal negligence
homicide rates 2019-2023 - correct answer ✔✔going up up up then fell down in 2023
spree murder - correct answer ✔✔2+ victims at 2+ locations within 1 event
no cool off
mass murder - correct answer ✔✔4+ victims at 1 location within 1 event
no cool off
serial murder - correct answer ✔✔2+ victims at 2+ locations within multiple events
cool off period involved
Holmes and Holmes types of serial killers - correct answer ✔✔visionary: likely has psychosis, and a break
from reality
mission oriented: no psychosis. sees it as their job to rid the world of undesirables such as the homeless
hedonistic: does it for pleasure. could involve lust, thrill, money, etc
power and control: wants to feel the victim's life in their hands
Hickey's control model - correct answer ✔✔key instigator is unresolved/ unaddressed trauma. Leads to
self esteem issues, fantasies about violence, drug use, disassociation, etc
instrumental / proactive violence - correct answer ✔✔not emotionally driven
revenge, power and control, and material gain
cognitive distortions regarding a sense of entitlement and motivation of others is key!
, reactive / affective violence - correct answer ✔✔emotionally driven
victim injury tends to be high / more excessive due to poor internal controls
Rain's biosocial model of violence - correct answer ✔✔biological and social risk factors interact. they can
be moderated by genetic and environmental factors.
also applies to protective factors!
social learning theory - correct answer ✔✔violent behaviour is learned. violence is more likely when it is
expected to be more rewarding than nonviolent crimes.
not just direct punishment / reinforcement like OC, but watching others be punished and reinforced.
general aggression model - correct answer ✔✔aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables
that influence arousal, affective stages, and cognitions
how many organized crime groups are in Canada? how many are national? transnational? - correct
answer ✔✔over 2500
50% national
25% transnational
types of organized crime groups - correct answer ✔✔outlaw motorcycle gangs
mafia networks
street gangs
fent networks
money laundering
cyber enabled crime
5 countries Canada does the most organized crime work with - correct answer ✔✔US, Mexico, DR,
China, and Colombia
diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - correct answer ✔✔North America's most
common approach for dealing with mental disorders
international classification of diseases - correct answer ✔✔used throughout the rest of the world in
replacement of the DSM
mental disorders - correct answer ✔✔syndromes characterized by significant disturbance to cognitions,
emotions, or behaviours
