BIO 104 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE | COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY STUDY
GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Which fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin protects cell membranes, especially of red blood cells, from
damage? - ANS ✔✔Vitamin E
How much sodium does the typical American diet contain? What is the AI for sodium? - ANS
✔✔estimated adequate intake: 500 mg/day
typical American diet 4000-6000 mg/day
Why is taking very large amounts of folic acid a problem related to vitamin B12? - ANS ✔✔Excess folic
acid (>1000mcg/day) can mask a B12 deficiency
What is the major role of vitamin K in the body? - ANS ✔✔-activation of blood-clotting factors
-activation of proteins involved in bone metabolism
What is the calcium deficiency disease? - ANS ✔✔Osteoporosis (poorly mineralized, weak bones)
What types of food contribute the most to people's sodium intake? - ANS ✔✔-table salt is 40% sodium
and 60% chloride
-one teaspoon salt contains @ 2000 mg sodium
-most of the sodium we eat comes from processed foods
What are good sources of potassium? - ANS ✔✔green leafy vegetables, fruits (banana and oranges)
potato
Goiter is the deficiency disease of what mineral? - ANS ✔✔Iodine
Where is the most of the calcium found in the body? - ANS ✔✔bones and teeth
What are the most nutrient dense food sources of calcium? - ANS ✔✔dairy foods
What are three reasons why someone might consider taking a vitamin or mineral supplement? - ANS
✔✔1. To prevent a deficiency (multivitamin and mineral or calcium)
2. To correct a deficiency (example= iron when ireon deficiency)
3. Possible therapeutic role (example=niacin for cholesterol, vitamin C for immunity).
What are the effects of taking very large (therapeutic) doses of nicotinic acid (a form of niacin)? - ANS
✔✔Improving cholesterol levels
What is the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise? - ANS ✔✔Aerobic means "with
oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic exercise is the type where you get out of
breath in just a few moments, like when you lift weights for improving strength, when you sprint, or
when you climb a long flight of stairs.
What percentage of the human body is made up of water? - ANS ✔✔50-70% of body is water
GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Which fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin protects cell membranes, especially of red blood cells, from
damage? - ANS ✔✔Vitamin E
How much sodium does the typical American diet contain? What is the AI for sodium? - ANS
✔✔estimated adequate intake: 500 mg/day
typical American diet 4000-6000 mg/day
Why is taking very large amounts of folic acid a problem related to vitamin B12? - ANS ✔✔Excess folic
acid (>1000mcg/day) can mask a B12 deficiency
What is the major role of vitamin K in the body? - ANS ✔✔-activation of blood-clotting factors
-activation of proteins involved in bone metabolism
What is the calcium deficiency disease? - ANS ✔✔Osteoporosis (poorly mineralized, weak bones)
What types of food contribute the most to people's sodium intake? - ANS ✔✔-table salt is 40% sodium
and 60% chloride
-one teaspoon salt contains @ 2000 mg sodium
-most of the sodium we eat comes from processed foods
What are good sources of potassium? - ANS ✔✔green leafy vegetables, fruits (banana and oranges)
potato
Goiter is the deficiency disease of what mineral? - ANS ✔✔Iodine
Where is the most of the calcium found in the body? - ANS ✔✔bones and teeth
What are the most nutrient dense food sources of calcium? - ANS ✔✔dairy foods
What are three reasons why someone might consider taking a vitamin or mineral supplement? - ANS
✔✔1. To prevent a deficiency (multivitamin and mineral or calcium)
2. To correct a deficiency (example= iron when ireon deficiency)
3. Possible therapeutic role (example=niacin for cholesterol, vitamin C for immunity).
What are the effects of taking very large (therapeutic) doses of nicotinic acid (a form of niacin)? - ANS
✔✔Improving cholesterol levels
What is the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise? - ANS ✔✔Aerobic means "with
oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic exercise is the type where you get out of
breath in just a few moments, like when you lift weights for improving strength, when you sprint, or
when you climb a long flight of stairs.
What percentage of the human body is made up of water? - ANS ✔✔50-70% of body is water
