HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology V1 V2 Study Guide Updated 2026/2027 – HESI A2 A&P Questions & Answers, Anatomy and Physiology Review – Instant Download

Prepare for the HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology section with this comprehensive study resource covering essential anatomy, physiology, body systems, structures, functions, terminology, and high-yield concepts. This resource brings together important HESI A2 A&P review material covering the skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, reproductive system, integumentary system, sensory organs, cellular structures, tissues, and foundational physiology. The material includes questions and answer-focused review on topics such as viral herpes and skin eruptions, vomer and nasal anatomy, pharynx, ulnar nerve function, hyoid bone, endocrine glands, calcium and phosphorus storage, urethra, ligaments, ureters, anaerobic respiration, lactic acid, osteoclasts, evaporation, anatomical position, ball-and-socket joints, middle-ear bones, tissues, popliteal artery, ceruminous glands, synovial joints, sympathetic nervous system, oral cavity, plasma membrane, thoracic cavity, serotonin, ADH, platelets, quadriceps muscles, xiphoid process, occipital region, hemoglobin, pituitary gland, eccrine glands, aqueous humor, malleus, incus, stapes, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, pulmonary veins, temporal lobe, cochlea, fallopian tubes, tibialis anterior, mitral valve, olfactory nerve, vena cava, ovarian hormones, sagittal plane, CNS and PNS, epiphysis, medulla oblongata, abduction, carotid artery, oxytocin, chemoreceptors, nearsightedness, Golgi apparatus, pancreas, oviduct, median cubital vein, puberty hormones, respiratory alkalosis, hypothalamus, osmosis, carbon dioxide, lumbar region, potassium, renal circulation, thyroid gland, phagocytosis, retina, epidermis, organ of Corti, small intestine, rough ER, protein, chyme, hormones, ovaries, cilia, gallbladder, quadriceps femoris, respiratory centers, pituitary tumors, B-lymphocytes, sympathetic responses, dorsal surface, esophagus, tympanic membrane, menstrual cycle, T-lymphocytes, calcaneus, urinary waste elimination, corpus luteum, friction ridges, and melanoma. TOPICS COVERED: Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals * Anatomical position * Body planes * Body cavities * Anatomical terminology * Tissues * Cells and cellular structures * Homeostasis * Negative feedback * Body organization Skeletal System * Major bones * Hyoid bone * Vomer * Humerus * Epiphysis * Diaphysis * Xiphoid process * Calcaneus * Ligaments * Osteoblasts * Osteoclasts * Calcium and phosphorus storage * Bone anatomy Muscular System * Quadriceps femoris * Rectus femoris * Vastus lateralis * Vastus medialis * Vastus intermedius * Tibialis anterior * Muscle movement * Abduction * Dorsiflexion * Plantarflexion Nervous System * Central nervous system * Peripheral nervous system * Medulla oblongata * Hypothalamus * Temporal lobe * Olfactory nerve * Ulnar nerve * Sympathetic nervous system * Neurotransmitters * Serotonin * Chemoreceptors Endocrine System * Pituitary gland * Thyroid gland * Hypothalamus * ADH * Oxytocin * Insulin * Ovarian hormones * Estrogen * Progesterone * Testosterone * Endocrine glands * Hormonal regulation Cardiovascular System * Hemoglobin * Platelets * Carotid artery * Vena cava * Pulmonary veins * Mitral valve * Cardiac output * Blood vessels * Blood clotting * Potassium and cardiac function Respiratory System * Pharynx * Medulla respiratory centers * Chemoreceptors * Carbon dioxide * Blood pH * Respiratory alkalosis * Oxygen transport * Hemoglobin * Thoracic cavity Urinary System * Kidneys * Ureters * Urethra * Renal blood vessels * Collecting tubules * ADH * Water reabsorption * Urinary waste elimination Digestive System * Oral cavity * Esophagus * Stomach * Chyme * Duodenum * Small intestine * Nutrient absorption * Gallbladder * Digestion Reproductive System * Ovaries * Oocytes * Estrogen * Progesterone * Corpus luteum * Fallopian tubes * Oviduct * Urethra * Menstrual cycle * Fertilization * Puberty hormones Integumentary System * Epidermis * Sweat glands * Eccrine glands * Ceruminous glands * Skin temperature regulation * Evaporation * Friction ridges * Skin structures Sensory Systems * Eye anatomy * Retina * Aqueous humor * Ear anatomy * Cochlea * Organ of Corti * Malleus * Incus * Stapes * Tympanic membrane * Olfactory nerve * Auditory function Cell Biology * Plasma membrane * Golgi apparatus * Rough endoplasmic reticulum * Cilia * Cellular transport * Osmosis * Protein synthesis * Protein packaging * Cell organization HIGH-YIELD CONCEPTS: * Hyoid bone — unique bone that does not directly articulate with another bone * Ligaments — connect bone to bone * Ureter — transports urine from the kidney toward the urinary bladder * Osteoclasts — break down bone tissue and participate in calcium regulation * Evaporation — helps cool the body when sweat evaporates * Shoulder — example of a ball-and-socket joint * Elbow — hinge-type synovial joint * Hemoglobin — carries oxygen in the blood * Pituitary gland — commonly called the master gland * Eccrine glands — important in sweating and temperature regulation * Temporal lobe — associated with auditory processing * Cochlea — important structure for hearing * Fallopian tubes/oviducts — typical site of fertilization * Mitral valve — located between the left atrium and left ventricle * Olfactory nerve — associated with smell * Sagittal plane — divides the body into left and right portions * CNS and PNS — major divisions of the nervous system * Pancreas — produces insulin * Small intestine — primary site of nutrient absorption * Rough ER — involved in protein synthesis * Golgi apparatus — modifies, sorts, and packages cellular products * Chyme — partially digested, semiliquid material leaving the stomach * Corpus luteum — produces progesterone after ovulation * Thymus — involved in T-lymphocyte maturation * Red bone marrow — site of blood-cell production, including B-cell development * ADH — promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys * Osmosis — movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane * Carbon dioxide — increased CO₂ contributes to increased acidity * Melanoma — malignant cancer of melanocytes WHO IS THIS RESOURCE FOR? HESI A2 students • Nursing school applicants • Pre-nursing students • Nursing entrance exam candidates • Allied health students • Healthcare program applicants • Students reviewing Anatomy & Physiology • Students preparing for HESI A2 A&P • Students needing concentrated A&P review • Students looking for convenient digital study material WHY USE THIS HESI A2 A&P REVIEW? Anatomy and Physiology requires students to understand both body structures and their functions. This resource organizes important concepts into an efficient review format, making it useful for identifying weak areas and reinforcing key terminology before an assessment. Use it for focused review, vocabulary reinforcement, anatomy identification, physiology concepts, body-system review, and last-minute HESI A2 preparation. UPDATED 2026/2027 • DIGITAL STUDY RESOURCE • INSTANT DOWNLOAD • HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW This resource is intended for educational study and exam preparation. It is not represented as an official HESI/Evolve product or as a guaranteed reproduction of any live examination.