NU 545 Patho exam 1 ACTUAL NU 545
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 TEST BANK ACTUAL
2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE ACCURATE EXAM COMPLETE APPROVED
QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED SOLUTIONS
AND DETAILED RATIONALES (100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UP
metabolic absorption -cellular function of the eukaryote cell
-"takes in" by absorbing and uses nutrients to perform
another action
what uses 02 to remove hydrogen -peroxisomes have enzymes that use o2 to remove
during an oxidative reaction hydrogen in an oxidative reaction to produce
hydrogen peroxide
genetic info in a cell nucleus
during cell injury what is released that -lysomal enzymes (hydrolases) aka digestive enzymes
can cause cellular auto digestion? in the lysome
-capable of autodigestion
cell membranes -made up of lipid and protein
-makes a complex lipid bilayer
, what allows potassium to diffuse in -K+ leak channels
and out of cells? -Na K+ pump = extracellular first messenger
-uses direct ATP for energy (from muscle and nerve
cells)
-ATP is a protein enzyme formed in the mitochondria
-K+ (cation) is intracellular; Na (cation) is extracellular
how is a cell protected from injury? -through plasma membranes
-acts as a barrier
-"Gating" protects cell from the release of Ca
from injured cells
In cirrhosis, what does cholesterol -erythrocytes = RBC
have to do with the erythrocytes? -changes the shape of RBC due to cholesterol build in the
membrane
-can cause hemolysis; destruction of cell
-this is also why you see hemolytic anemia in liver
disease or alcoholism
platelet-derived growth factor -in alpha granules
-stimulates smooth muscle cell & tissue repair
what is cell communication? -the process of cells detecting and responding to
signals in the extracellular environment
-required for homeostasis; regulate cellular growth,
division, development and organization into
tissues, and coordinates cellular function
how does cell communication occur? -via protein channels and gap junctions (have to be
touching)
-via plasma membrane-based signaling (receptors)
-via chemical signaling (most common)
what is chemical signaling? -secretion of chemicals (hormones,
neurohormones, paracrine, autocrine,
neurotransmitters
-occurs in the bloodstreams or in small discrete spaces
glucose transported from blood to cell -blood to RBC by passive protein channels
-passive mediated transport
-down concentration gradients; high to low until
equilibrium is met
transportation of K+ and Na across -transported by ATP energy (protein)
plasma membrane -opposite direction (antiport)
-3 Na+ ions bind to Na carrier site on inner cell--ATP
molecule binds to carrier--carrier changes shape,
crosses membrane, 3 Na+ ions are released outside
of cell which attracts 2 K+ ions to K+ carrier site--
carrier changes back to original shape,
crosses membrane, and 2 K+ ions are released inside
of cell--repeat
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 TEST BANK ACTUAL
2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE ACCURATE EXAM COMPLETE APPROVED
QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED SOLUTIONS
AND DETAILED RATIONALES (100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UP
metabolic absorption -cellular function of the eukaryote cell
-"takes in" by absorbing and uses nutrients to perform
another action
what uses 02 to remove hydrogen -peroxisomes have enzymes that use o2 to remove
during an oxidative reaction hydrogen in an oxidative reaction to produce
hydrogen peroxide
genetic info in a cell nucleus
during cell injury what is released that -lysomal enzymes (hydrolases) aka digestive enzymes
can cause cellular auto digestion? in the lysome
-capable of autodigestion
cell membranes -made up of lipid and protein
-makes a complex lipid bilayer
, what allows potassium to diffuse in -K+ leak channels
and out of cells? -Na K+ pump = extracellular first messenger
-uses direct ATP for energy (from muscle and nerve
cells)
-ATP is a protein enzyme formed in the mitochondria
-K+ (cation) is intracellular; Na (cation) is extracellular
how is a cell protected from injury? -through plasma membranes
-acts as a barrier
-"Gating" protects cell from the release of Ca
from injured cells
In cirrhosis, what does cholesterol -erythrocytes = RBC
have to do with the erythrocytes? -changes the shape of RBC due to cholesterol build in the
membrane
-can cause hemolysis; destruction of cell
-this is also why you see hemolytic anemia in liver
disease or alcoholism
platelet-derived growth factor -in alpha granules
-stimulates smooth muscle cell & tissue repair
what is cell communication? -the process of cells detecting and responding to
signals in the extracellular environment
-required for homeostasis; regulate cellular growth,
division, development and organization into
tissues, and coordinates cellular function
how does cell communication occur? -via protein channels and gap junctions (have to be
touching)
-via plasma membrane-based signaling (receptors)
-via chemical signaling (most common)
what is chemical signaling? -secretion of chemicals (hormones,
neurohormones, paracrine, autocrine,
neurotransmitters
-occurs in the bloodstreams or in small discrete spaces
glucose transported from blood to cell -blood to RBC by passive protein channels
-passive mediated transport
-down concentration gradients; high to low until
equilibrium is met
transportation of K+ and Na across -transported by ATP energy (protein)
plasma membrane -opposite direction (antiport)
-3 Na+ ions bind to Na carrier site on inner cell--ATP
molecule binds to carrier--carrier changes shape,
crosses membrane, 3 Na+ ions are released outside
of cell which attracts 2 K+ ions to K+ carrier site--
carrier changes back to original shape,
crosses membrane, and 2 K+ ions are released inside
of cell--repeat
