NSG527 FINAL [2026] UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | Question
and Answer | A+ ANSWER GUIDE
• Acetylcholine -✓✓ involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep?
• acetylcholine -✓✓ Too much ___?_____is associated with depression, and too little in
the hippocampus has been associated with dementia.
• Dopamine -✓✓ correlated with movement, attention, and learning?
• Dopamine -✓✓ Too much__________?has been associated with schizophrenia, and
too little_________? is associated with some forms of depression as well as the
muscular rigidity and tremors found in Parkinson's disease.
• Norepinephrine -✓✓ associated with eating, alertness?
• Norepinephrine -✓✓ Too little _______? has been associated with depression, while
an excess has been associated with schizophrenia.
• Epinephrine -✓✓ involved in energy, and glucose metabolism?
• Serotonin -✓✓ plays a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive
behavior?
• serotonin -✓✓ Too little_______? is associated with depression and some anxiety
disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some antidepressant medications
increase the availability of _________? at the receptor sites
• GABA -✓✓ inhibits excitation and anxiety?
• GABA -✓✓ Too little ______?is associated with anxiety and anxiety disorders. Some
antianxiety medication increases _____?at the receptor sites.
• Endorphins -✓✓ involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure and contentedness?
• Frontal Lobe -✓✓ • Executive functioning and personality
• Maintain and focus attention
• Organize thinking, planning, speech, and motor activities
• Weigh consequences
• Set goals
• Modulate emotions
• Integrate ideas, emotions, and perceptions
• Shapes personality?
,• Parietal lobe -✓✓ • Body sensations
• Motor activities, attention and perception of spatial relations
• Processes sensory impulses from the thalamus
• Maintains focused attention
• Registers acts of aggression
• Wernicke's area located in the left temporoparietal junction is responsible for the
comprehension of speech??
• Temporal lobe -✓✓ • Emotion and memory circuits
• Hearing, learning, memory circuits, sexual identity, and processing of auditory stimuli
• Gives emotional tone to memories
• Is involved in making moral judgments
• Occipital lobe -✓✓ • Vision
• Visual memory
• Reading
• language formation
• reception of vestibular, acoustic, and tactile stimuli
• Cerebrum -✓✓ • Functions as an auxiliary structure for the entire cerebral cortex
• Posture and balance in walking
• Sequential movements required in eating and writing
• Control speed and acceleration of movement
• Involved in smooth eye movement
• Cognition and language
• Memory and impulse control
• Brainstem (Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain) -✓✓ • Medulla oblongata-
regulation of blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. Reflex center for vomiting
coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and hiccupping.
• Pons- Relays information from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum
• Midbrain- control many sensory and motor functions including eye movement
• Locus ceruleus -✓✓ • Produces norepinephrine
• Activity maintains arousal
• Inactivity allows sleep
• Dorsal raphe -✓✓ • Produces serotonin
• Control sleep wake cycle
• Reticular activating system (RAS) -✓✓ • Involved in arousal and sleep- the "toggle
switch"
• Switches the cerebral cortex on when individual is relaxed
• Switches limbic system on when there is a threat
• Regulates thalamus and cortex activities that are involved in emotions
, • Involved in processing pain and in regulation of heartrate, breathing, perspiration,
swallowing, coughing, salivation, urination, and sexual arousal
• Reticular activating system (RAS) -✓✓ • Involved in arousal and sleep- the "toggle
switch"
• Switches the cerebral cortex on when individual is relaxed
• Switches limbic system on when there is a threat
• Regulates thalamus and cortex activities that are involved in emotions
• Involved in processing pain and in regulation of heartrate, breathing, perspiration,
swallowing, coughing, salivation, urination, and sexual arousal
• Hypothalamus -✓✓ • Bridges internal homeostasis and outside environment
• Involved with raw emotions of pleasure, reward, aversion, and rage
• Regulates the autonomic nervous system and secretion of pituitary hormones
• Involved in hunger, thirst, water balance, regulation of temperature, circadian rhythms,
and stress response
• Thalamus -✓✓ • Gaits information to the neocortex
• Processes information coming from the 5 senses and information coming from the
amygdala and cerebellum before it goes to the neocortex
• Involved in wakefulness, sleep, and pain perception
• Amygdala -✓✓ • Anxiety and anger
• Generates rudimentary emotions such as fear, rage, religious ecstasy, and sexual
desire
• Surveys the environment
• Regulates fear and response to stress
• Evaluates expression of friendliness, fear, love, affection, distrust, and anger
• Contributes to emotional memories, especially fear
• Seeks attachment indiscriminately
• Insula -✓✓ • Involved in negative emotions: disgust, pain, hunger, empathy, and
callousness
• Cingulate cortex -✓✓ • Links emotions to actions and predicts the consequences of
actions.
• Involved in experiencing intense love, anger, or lost.
• Activated when mother here's her infant cry.
• Involved into detecting how others feel and reaching to others emotions.
• Registers social rejection.
• Adjust behavior to social context.
• Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus -✓✓ the memory structures
• regulates information coming to the neocortex.
• Involved in memory, learning, long-term memories, and retrieval of information.
and Answer | A+ ANSWER GUIDE
• Acetylcholine -✓✓ involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep?
• acetylcholine -✓✓ Too much ___?_____is associated with depression, and too little in
the hippocampus has been associated with dementia.
• Dopamine -✓✓ correlated with movement, attention, and learning?
• Dopamine -✓✓ Too much__________?has been associated with schizophrenia, and
too little_________? is associated with some forms of depression as well as the
muscular rigidity and tremors found in Parkinson's disease.
• Norepinephrine -✓✓ associated with eating, alertness?
• Norepinephrine -✓✓ Too little _______? has been associated with depression, while
an excess has been associated with schizophrenia.
• Epinephrine -✓✓ involved in energy, and glucose metabolism?
• Serotonin -✓✓ plays a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive
behavior?
• serotonin -✓✓ Too little_______? is associated with depression and some anxiety
disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some antidepressant medications
increase the availability of _________? at the receptor sites
• GABA -✓✓ inhibits excitation and anxiety?
• GABA -✓✓ Too little ______?is associated with anxiety and anxiety disorders. Some
antianxiety medication increases _____?at the receptor sites.
• Endorphins -✓✓ involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure and contentedness?
• Frontal Lobe -✓✓ • Executive functioning and personality
• Maintain and focus attention
• Organize thinking, planning, speech, and motor activities
• Weigh consequences
• Set goals
• Modulate emotions
• Integrate ideas, emotions, and perceptions
• Shapes personality?
,• Parietal lobe -✓✓ • Body sensations
• Motor activities, attention and perception of spatial relations
• Processes sensory impulses from the thalamus
• Maintains focused attention
• Registers acts of aggression
• Wernicke's area located in the left temporoparietal junction is responsible for the
comprehension of speech??
• Temporal lobe -✓✓ • Emotion and memory circuits
• Hearing, learning, memory circuits, sexual identity, and processing of auditory stimuli
• Gives emotional tone to memories
• Is involved in making moral judgments
• Occipital lobe -✓✓ • Vision
• Visual memory
• Reading
• language formation
• reception of vestibular, acoustic, and tactile stimuli
• Cerebrum -✓✓ • Functions as an auxiliary structure for the entire cerebral cortex
• Posture and balance in walking
• Sequential movements required in eating and writing
• Control speed and acceleration of movement
• Involved in smooth eye movement
• Cognition and language
• Memory and impulse control
• Brainstem (Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain) -✓✓ • Medulla oblongata-
regulation of blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. Reflex center for vomiting
coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and hiccupping.
• Pons- Relays information from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum
• Midbrain- control many sensory and motor functions including eye movement
• Locus ceruleus -✓✓ • Produces norepinephrine
• Activity maintains arousal
• Inactivity allows sleep
• Dorsal raphe -✓✓ • Produces serotonin
• Control sleep wake cycle
• Reticular activating system (RAS) -✓✓ • Involved in arousal and sleep- the "toggle
switch"
• Switches the cerebral cortex on when individual is relaxed
• Switches limbic system on when there is a threat
• Regulates thalamus and cortex activities that are involved in emotions
, • Involved in processing pain and in regulation of heartrate, breathing, perspiration,
swallowing, coughing, salivation, urination, and sexual arousal
• Reticular activating system (RAS) -✓✓ • Involved in arousal and sleep- the "toggle
switch"
• Switches the cerebral cortex on when individual is relaxed
• Switches limbic system on when there is a threat
• Regulates thalamus and cortex activities that are involved in emotions
• Involved in processing pain and in regulation of heartrate, breathing, perspiration,
swallowing, coughing, salivation, urination, and sexual arousal
• Hypothalamus -✓✓ • Bridges internal homeostasis and outside environment
• Involved with raw emotions of pleasure, reward, aversion, and rage
• Regulates the autonomic nervous system and secretion of pituitary hormones
• Involved in hunger, thirst, water balance, regulation of temperature, circadian rhythms,
and stress response
• Thalamus -✓✓ • Gaits information to the neocortex
• Processes information coming from the 5 senses and information coming from the
amygdala and cerebellum before it goes to the neocortex
• Involved in wakefulness, sleep, and pain perception
• Amygdala -✓✓ • Anxiety and anger
• Generates rudimentary emotions such as fear, rage, religious ecstasy, and sexual
desire
• Surveys the environment
• Regulates fear and response to stress
• Evaluates expression of friendliness, fear, love, affection, distrust, and anger
• Contributes to emotional memories, especially fear
• Seeks attachment indiscriminately
• Insula -✓✓ • Involved in negative emotions: disgust, pain, hunger, empathy, and
callousness
• Cingulate cortex -✓✓ • Links emotions to actions and predicts the consequences of
actions.
• Involved in experiencing intense love, anger, or lost.
• Activated when mother here's her infant cry.
• Involved into detecting how others feel and reaching to others emotions.
• Registers social rejection.
• Adjust behavior to social context.
• Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus -✓✓ the memory structures
• regulates information coming to the neocortex.
• Involved in memory, learning, long-term memories, and retrieval of information.
