PATHO 370 Final Exam 2026 -2027 | 200+ Study Q&A with Answers
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart a. Cough
failure. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse b. Dyspnea
expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) d. Crackles in lungs
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? c. Early detection
a. Surgery
b. Radiation Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best
c. Early detection prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated
d. Chemotherapeutic agents surgically, which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is
used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because
they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may
have escaped the surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area.
Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount
of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively c. Hypertrophy
circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular
adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes b. Hesitancy
which of the following? (Select all that apply.) d. Weak urine flow
a. Urgency e. Incomplete bladder emptying
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
(Select all that apply.) b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints e. Morning stiffness in joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS ventricular rate
complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are - Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate.
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth - Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried
pattern of atrial depolarization is seen in the QRS complex.
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P - Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min
wave with a normal QRS configuration and a characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur
earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
Cardiac output is the product of both d. Stroke volume and heart rate
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular
resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse
pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate
,PATHO 370 Final Exam 2026 -2027 | 200+ Study Q&A with Answers
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis? d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for
rheumatoid factor.
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a b. Physiology
living organism and its parts is called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States.
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United
States.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that b. Platelets
apply.) c. Monocytes
a. B cells e. Granulocytes
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes - Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
d. Natural killer cells - B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
e. Granulocytes
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
that apply.) b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more
aggressive the cancer. The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host. Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells. Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent a. Amyloid plaques
with Alzheimer disease? (Select all that apply) d. Neurofibrillary tangles
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer
c. Focal cerebral infarct patients and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a
d. Neurofibrillary tangles normal function and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are
e. Abnormal serotonin system chemically altered and twist into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary
tangles. Epileptogenic focus is associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral
infarct is a stroke occurring in a localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the
cholinergic system are associated with Alzheimer disease; serotonin
abnormalities are found in depression.
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
(CML) is a true statement?
a. It is not seen in children. Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in
b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia. children and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of
c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years. leukemia in the US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood b. Polycythemia
cells?
a. Anemia - Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells.
b. Polycythemia - Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells.
c. Pancytopenia - Pancytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
d. Granulocytopenia - Granulocytopenia is a decrease in platelets
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is c. Primarily diagnosed in children
a. Incurable
b. More curable in adults ALL is primarily a disorder occurring in children. ALL is highly curable in children,
c. Primarily diagnosed in children less so in adults. Peak incidence is between ages 3-7 years of age. A second
d. Generally seen in adults older than 70 years rise occurs in middle age
, PATHO 370 Final Exam 2026 -2027 | 200+ Study Q&A with Answers
An enlarged thyroid gland produces a colloid goiter when b. Lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without stopping thyroglobulin formation
a. Lack of iodine prevents formation of thyroid-
stimulating hormone without stopping T4 and T3
production
b. Lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without
stopping thyroglobulin formation
c. Excessive iodine suppresses thyroid-stimulating
hormone, T4, and T3 formation
d. Dietary iodine is insufficient and replaced with iodized
salt
Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of a. Smoking
atherosclerosis?
a. Smoking
b. Genetics
c. Gender
d. Age
What physiologic abnormality is characteristic of b. Trapping of air in the distal air sacs
emphysema?
a. Collapse of the proximal airways
b. Trapping of air in the distal air sacs
c. Widespread occurrence of bronchial plugs
d. Extensive inflammation of the lower airways
Which condition constitutes an emergency situation? d. Testicular torsion
a. Phimosis
b. Hydrocele
c. Epididymitis
d. Testicular torsion
Which term is used to describe the histologic b. Grading
characterization of tumor cells?
a. Staging
b. Grading
c. Cachexia
d. Angiogenesis
Which is a risk factor associated with hypertension? a. Age
(Select all that apply.) c. African-American race
a. Age e. History of tobacco smoking
b. Caucasian race
c. African-American race Normal aging produces a rising systolic pressure over the course of a lifetime,
d. High potassium intake whereas diastolic pressure increases for approximately 50 years, levels off
e. History of tobacco smoking during the sixth decade, and remains stable or declines later on.
African Americans are predisposed to hypertension. Also, tobacco use has been
shown to increase the risk of hypertension.
Being Caucasian is not a known risk factor for hypertension.
Diets high in fat and sodium, and low in potassium have been found to increase
the risk of developing hypertension.
Which component of the blood is responsible for b. Leukocytes
protecting the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms
and other debris? Leukocytes protect the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms and other
a. Platelets debris. They also participate in antibody formation.
b. Leukocytes Platelets are essential in clot formation.
c. Erythrocytes Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen.
d. Plasma proteins Plasma proteins contribute to blood viscosity and blood pressure.
A diagnosis of cryptorchidism indicates that the client has b. An undescended testis
a. An undersized penis
b. An undescended testis
c. A misplaced urethral meatus opening
d. Foreskin that is not in its normal position
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart a. Cough
failure. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse b. Dyspnea
expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) d. Crackles in lungs
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? c. Early detection
a. Surgery
b. Radiation Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best
c. Early detection prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated
d. Chemotherapeutic agents surgically, which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is
used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because
they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may
have escaped the surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area.
Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount
of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively c. Hypertrophy
circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular
adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes b. Hesitancy
which of the following? (Select all that apply.) d. Weak urine flow
a. Urgency e. Incomplete bladder emptying
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
(Select all that apply.) b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints e. Morning stiffness in joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS ventricular rate
complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are - Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate.
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth - Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried
pattern of atrial depolarization is seen in the QRS complex.
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P - Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min
wave with a normal QRS configuration and a characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur
earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
Cardiac output is the product of both d. Stroke volume and heart rate
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular
resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse
pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate
,PATHO 370 Final Exam 2026 -2027 | 200+ Study Q&A with Answers
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis? d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for
rheumatoid factor.
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a b. Physiology
living organism and its parts is called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States.
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United
States.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that b. Platelets
apply.) c. Monocytes
a. B cells e. Granulocytes
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes - Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
d. Natural killer cells - B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
e. Granulocytes
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
that apply.) b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more
aggressive the cancer. The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host. Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells. Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent a. Amyloid plaques
with Alzheimer disease? (Select all that apply) d. Neurofibrillary tangles
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer
c. Focal cerebral infarct patients and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a
d. Neurofibrillary tangles normal function and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are
e. Abnormal serotonin system chemically altered and twist into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary
tangles. Epileptogenic focus is associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral
infarct is a stroke occurring in a localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the
cholinergic system are associated with Alzheimer disease; serotonin
abnormalities are found in depression.
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
(CML) is a true statement?
a. It is not seen in children. Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in
b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia. children and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of
c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years. leukemia in the US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood b. Polycythemia
cells?
a. Anemia - Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells.
b. Polycythemia - Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells.
c. Pancytopenia - Pancytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
d. Granulocytopenia - Granulocytopenia is a decrease in platelets
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is c. Primarily diagnosed in children
a. Incurable
b. More curable in adults ALL is primarily a disorder occurring in children. ALL is highly curable in children,
c. Primarily diagnosed in children less so in adults. Peak incidence is between ages 3-7 years of age. A second
d. Generally seen in adults older than 70 years rise occurs in middle age
, PATHO 370 Final Exam 2026 -2027 | 200+ Study Q&A with Answers
An enlarged thyroid gland produces a colloid goiter when b. Lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without stopping thyroglobulin formation
a. Lack of iodine prevents formation of thyroid-
stimulating hormone without stopping T4 and T3
production
b. Lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without
stopping thyroglobulin formation
c. Excessive iodine suppresses thyroid-stimulating
hormone, T4, and T3 formation
d. Dietary iodine is insufficient and replaced with iodized
salt
Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of a. Smoking
atherosclerosis?
a. Smoking
b. Genetics
c. Gender
d. Age
What physiologic abnormality is characteristic of b. Trapping of air in the distal air sacs
emphysema?
a. Collapse of the proximal airways
b. Trapping of air in the distal air sacs
c. Widespread occurrence of bronchial plugs
d. Extensive inflammation of the lower airways
Which condition constitutes an emergency situation? d. Testicular torsion
a. Phimosis
b. Hydrocele
c. Epididymitis
d. Testicular torsion
Which term is used to describe the histologic b. Grading
characterization of tumor cells?
a. Staging
b. Grading
c. Cachexia
d. Angiogenesis
Which is a risk factor associated with hypertension? a. Age
(Select all that apply.) c. African-American race
a. Age e. History of tobacco smoking
b. Caucasian race
c. African-American race Normal aging produces a rising systolic pressure over the course of a lifetime,
d. High potassium intake whereas diastolic pressure increases for approximately 50 years, levels off
e. History of tobacco smoking during the sixth decade, and remains stable or declines later on.
African Americans are predisposed to hypertension. Also, tobacco use has been
shown to increase the risk of hypertension.
Being Caucasian is not a known risk factor for hypertension.
Diets high in fat and sodium, and low in potassium have been found to increase
the risk of developing hypertension.
Which component of the blood is responsible for b. Leukocytes
protecting the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms
and other debris? Leukocytes protect the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms and other
a. Platelets debris. They also participate in antibody formation.
b. Leukocytes Platelets are essential in clot formation.
c. Erythrocytes Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen.
d. Plasma proteins Plasma proteins contribute to blood viscosity and blood pressure.
A diagnosis of cryptorchidism indicates that the client has b. An undescended testis
a. An undersized penis
b. An undescended testis
c. A misplaced urethral meatus opening
d. Foreskin that is not in its normal position
