BIOC 384: EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Module 1
Answer:
...
Question:
2. What is Biochemistry?
Answer:
- Aims to explain biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels
- Used in pharmaceuticals, clinical diagnosis, and biotechnology
Question:
3. History of Biochemistry
Answer:
**Discovery of Fermentation
1. Egyptians: Discovered crushed dates produce an intoxicating substance
(ethanol)
2. Greeks: Used "zyme" (yeast) to produce gas (CO2) in bread and turned grapes
into wine
Question:
4. Eduard Buchner
Answer:
- Showed that fermentation did not require living cells
- Ultimately, he discovered enzymes
- Demonstrated the chemical basis of life
Question:
5. 5 Principles of Modern Biochemistry
Answer:
1. The chemical basis of life underlies the hierarchical organization of biochemical
processes within cells, organisms, and ecosystems
2. Nucleic acids in DNA provide the chemical basis for heredity
3. Function is determined by molecular structure
4. Biological processes follow thermodynamic principles
5. Life depends on water
,Question:
6. Hierarchical Structure of Nature
Answer:
1. Elements
2. Biomolecules
3. Macromolecules
4. Metabolism
5. Cells
6. Organisms
7. Ecosystems
Question:
7. 6 Essential Elements of Life
Answer:
- H, O, C, N, P, and S comprise of 97% of organismal mass
- Zn, Fe, and Mg play key roles in biochemical reactions and cell signaling
Question:
8. Covalent Bonds
Answer:
Bonds created by sharing two unpaired electrons between two atoms
Question:
9. Covalent Bonds in Carbon
Answer:
- C can form up to 4 stable covalent bonds
Question:
10. 6 Common Functional Groups
Answer:
- Hydroxyl (OH)
- Carboxyl (O=C-O-)
- Amino (NH3+)
- Sulfhydryl (SH)
- Phosphoryl (O=P-O2-)
- Methyl (CH3)
, Question:
11. 4 Classes of Small Biomolecules
Answer:
1. Amino acids
2. Nucleotides
3. Simple sugars
4. Fatty Acids
Question:
12. Amino Acids
Answer:
- Building blocks of proteins
- 20 amino acids
- Each has a unique R group
Question:
13. Nucleotides
Answer:
- Basic units of DNA molecule; Form nucleic acids
Question:
14. Simple Sugars
Answer:
- Form carbohydrates (Monosaccharides and Disaccharides)
Question:
15. Fatty Acids
Answer:
- Building blocks of lipids
- Contain a carboxyl group (polar) attached to a hydrocarbon chain (nonpolar)
Question:
16. The Central Dogma
Answer:
- DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- Explains how genes control cellular functions
Question:
17. Wilkins, Franklin, and Gosling
Answer:
Used x-ray crystallography and revealed the dimensions and shape of DNA, a
double helix
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Module 1
Answer:
...
Question:
2. What is Biochemistry?
Answer:
- Aims to explain biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels
- Used in pharmaceuticals, clinical diagnosis, and biotechnology
Question:
3. History of Biochemistry
Answer:
**Discovery of Fermentation
1. Egyptians: Discovered crushed dates produce an intoxicating substance
(ethanol)
2. Greeks: Used "zyme" (yeast) to produce gas (CO2) in bread and turned grapes
into wine
Question:
4. Eduard Buchner
Answer:
- Showed that fermentation did not require living cells
- Ultimately, he discovered enzymes
- Demonstrated the chemical basis of life
Question:
5. 5 Principles of Modern Biochemistry
Answer:
1. The chemical basis of life underlies the hierarchical organization of biochemical
processes within cells, organisms, and ecosystems
2. Nucleic acids in DNA provide the chemical basis for heredity
3. Function is determined by molecular structure
4. Biological processes follow thermodynamic principles
5. Life depends on water
,Question:
6. Hierarchical Structure of Nature
Answer:
1. Elements
2. Biomolecules
3. Macromolecules
4. Metabolism
5. Cells
6. Organisms
7. Ecosystems
Question:
7. 6 Essential Elements of Life
Answer:
- H, O, C, N, P, and S comprise of 97% of organismal mass
- Zn, Fe, and Mg play key roles in biochemical reactions and cell signaling
Question:
8. Covalent Bonds
Answer:
Bonds created by sharing two unpaired electrons between two atoms
Question:
9. Covalent Bonds in Carbon
Answer:
- C can form up to 4 stable covalent bonds
Question:
10. 6 Common Functional Groups
Answer:
- Hydroxyl (OH)
- Carboxyl (O=C-O-)
- Amino (NH3+)
- Sulfhydryl (SH)
- Phosphoryl (O=P-O2-)
- Methyl (CH3)
, Question:
11. 4 Classes of Small Biomolecules
Answer:
1. Amino acids
2. Nucleotides
3. Simple sugars
4. Fatty Acids
Question:
12. Amino Acids
Answer:
- Building blocks of proteins
- 20 amino acids
- Each has a unique R group
Question:
13. Nucleotides
Answer:
- Basic units of DNA molecule; Form nucleic acids
Question:
14. Simple Sugars
Answer:
- Form carbohydrates (Monosaccharides and Disaccharides)
Question:
15. Fatty Acids
Answer:
- Building blocks of lipids
- Contain a carboxyl group (polar) attached to a hydrocarbon chain (nonpolar)
Question:
16. The Central Dogma
Answer:
- DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- Explains how genes control cellular functions
Question:
17. Wilkins, Franklin, and Gosling
Answer:
Used x-ray crystallography and revealed the dimensions and shape of DNA, a
double helix
