BEHVO 465 MIDTERM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Define "verbal behavior
Answer:
Behavior reinforced through the mediation of another individual.
Question:
2. Contrast the analysis of verbal behavior from related
fields, including the concept of "expression" and the
difference between a "formal analysis" and a "functional
analysis
Answer:
traditional philosophy is that language is an expression of the ideas of the
speaker. They separate ideas people have and words they say. However, we
cannot observe ideas of the speaker. This formulation was formal. It was only
concerned with the words and how they sounded, not with what their function
was; what variables were controlling them.
Question:
3. Explain "meaning" from a non-verbal behavior and a
verbal behavior perspective
Answer:
From a non-verbal perspective, menaing is just synoynms or paraphrase. It is
formal, a description of the behavior and does not say anything about the
controlling variables. In verbal behavior meaning is defined by the variables
controlling it. This is functional and allows us to explain, predict and crontrol VB.
Question:
4. Explain the concepts of "response class" and "unit of
verbal behavior
Answer:
Response class is a group of responses that all have the same function or effect
on the environment; they all result in same consequence. A unit of verbal behavior
is any selection of verbal behavior that has one controlling variable.
,Question:
5. `Describe measures of verbal behavior, including
probability and response strength
Answer:
Probablity is the likelihood of an operant occurring under certain circumstances.
Response strength is said to be related to overall rate of emission, energy level,
speed, and repetition. Probability is difficult to measure so we use frequency, but
we need probability if we want to predict and control verbal behavior.
Question:
6. State and define the independent variables controlling
verbal behavior
Answer:
The independent variables ontrolling verbal behavior are any of the basic
principles. Some include positive reinforcement (establising and maintaining),
shaping (develop early VB), extinction (reduce VB), stimulus control (evoke VB
based on past reinforcement), MOs (deprivation, aversive stim)
Question:
7. define mand
Answer:
A mand is a verbal operant evoked by an MO and is followed by that specific
reinforcement.
Question:
8. define tact
Answer:
a verbal operant evoked by a non-verbal stimulus that is followed by generalized
conditioned reinforcement
Question:
9. define echoic
Answer:
a verbal operant evoked by a verbal stimulus that has point to point
correspondence and formal similarity with the response and is followed by
generalized conditioned reinforcement
Question:
10. define textual
Answer:
A textual is a verbal operant evoked by a written verbal stimulus and followed by
generalized conditioned reinforcement
, Question:
11. define intraverbal
Answer:
a verbal operant evoked by a verbal stimulus without poin to point
correspondence and is followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement
Question:
12. Explain the distinction between, and challenges of, "free
will" versus "determinism"
Answer:
Free will says that we have the choice to engage in behaviors and what happens
inside us controls our behavior. Behavior controlled by menatal activity not
physical influences. We cannot study it scientifically or use interentions to change
it. Determinism says our choices are already made because they are determined
by a learning history and are lawful. Behavior is controlled by genes, history of
reinforcement and environment. We can study it scientifically and use
intervetnions that manipulate consequences to change it.
Question:
13. explain the challenges of free will
Answer:
Challenge of free will is that if we are always free to choose, than interventions
based on manipulating learning histories would have no effect and out field
would be useless
Question:
14. explain the challeneges of determinism
Answer:
Challenge of determinism is if any behavior is completely determined and out of
our control so is all behavior which means nothing is in our control in terms of
choice. This does not align with everyday language of making decisions.
Question:
15. Define, provide examples, and identify examples of
function-altering versus evocative behavioral effects
Answer:
Function-altering effect: delayed and permanent*
Evocative effect: immediate and transient
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Define "verbal behavior
Answer:
Behavior reinforced through the mediation of another individual.
Question:
2. Contrast the analysis of verbal behavior from related
fields, including the concept of "expression" and the
difference between a "formal analysis" and a "functional
analysis
Answer:
traditional philosophy is that language is an expression of the ideas of the
speaker. They separate ideas people have and words they say. However, we
cannot observe ideas of the speaker. This formulation was formal. It was only
concerned with the words and how they sounded, not with what their function
was; what variables were controlling them.
Question:
3. Explain "meaning" from a non-verbal behavior and a
verbal behavior perspective
Answer:
From a non-verbal perspective, menaing is just synoynms or paraphrase. It is
formal, a description of the behavior and does not say anything about the
controlling variables. In verbal behavior meaning is defined by the variables
controlling it. This is functional and allows us to explain, predict and crontrol VB.
Question:
4. Explain the concepts of "response class" and "unit of
verbal behavior
Answer:
Response class is a group of responses that all have the same function or effect
on the environment; they all result in same consequence. A unit of verbal behavior
is any selection of verbal behavior that has one controlling variable.
,Question:
5. `Describe measures of verbal behavior, including
probability and response strength
Answer:
Probablity is the likelihood of an operant occurring under certain circumstances.
Response strength is said to be related to overall rate of emission, energy level,
speed, and repetition. Probability is difficult to measure so we use frequency, but
we need probability if we want to predict and control verbal behavior.
Question:
6. State and define the independent variables controlling
verbal behavior
Answer:
The independent variables ontrolling verbal behavior are any of the basic
principles. Some include positive reinforcement (establising and maintaining),
shaping (develop early VB), extinction (reduce VB), stimulus control (evoke VB
based on past reinforcement), MOs (deprivation, aversive stim)
Question:
7. define mand
Answer:
A mand is a verbal operant evoked by an MO and is followed by that specific
reinforcement.
Question:
8. define tact
Answer:
a verbal operant evoked by a non-verbal stimulus that is followed by generalized
conditioned reinforcement
Question:
9. define echoic
Answer:
a verbal operant evoked by a verbal stimulus that has point to point
correspondence and formal similarity with the response and is followed by
generalized conditioned reinforcement
Question:
10. define textual
Answer:
A textual is a verbal operant evoked by a written verbal stimulus and followed by
generalized conditioned reinforcement
, Question:
11. define intraverbal
Answer:
a verbal operant evoked by a verbal stimulus without poin to point
correspondence and is followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement
Question:
12. Explain the distinction between, and challenges of, "free
will" versus "determinism"
Answer:
Free will says that we have the choice to engage in behaviors and what happens
inside us controls our behavior. Behavior controlled by menatal activity not
physical influences. We cannot study it scientifically or use interentions to change
it. Determinism says our choices are already made because they are determined
by a learning history and are lawful. Behavior is controlled by genes, history of
reinforcement and environment. We can study it scientifically and use
intervetnions that manipulate consequences to change it.
Question:
13. explain the challenges of free will
Answer:
Challenge of free will is that if we are always free to choose, than interventions
based on manipulating learning histories would have no effect and out field
would be useless
Question:
14. explain the challeneges of determinism
Answer:
Challenge of determinism is if any behavior is completely determined and out of
our control so is all behavior which means nothing is in our control in terms of
choice. This does not align with everyday language of making decisions.
Question:
15. Define, provide examples, and identify examples of
function-altering versus evocative behavioral effects
Answer:
Function-altering effect: delayed and permanent*
Evocative effect: immediate and transient
