BIOLOGY II EXAM #1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. biodiversity
Answer:
variety of life in the world
Question:
2. evolution
Answer:
changes in the genetic makeup (alleles) of populations over time
- results in adaption to the environment & the origin of new species
- explains unity & diversity of life
Question:
3. 3 important facts about evolution
Answer:
1. variation provides the raw material for evolution
2. evolutionary relationships form a nested pattern that can be depicted by a
phylogenetic tree
3. evolution can be studied through experimentation
Question:
4. environmental variation
Answer:
variation among individuals due to differences in the environment
(eg. NASA twins study--identical twins have the same DNA but exhibit differences
in phenotype due to environmental factors)
,Question:
5. genetic variation
Answer:
differences in genetic material that is transmitted from parents to offspring
- differences in DNA affect molecular function & phenotype
- comes from mutation
Question:
6. natural selection
Answer:
basic mechanism of evolution
- leads to a change in a population over time
- acts on phenotype (favors adaptive phenotype)
Question:
7. how does natural selection work?
Answer:
1. there is a variation in traits
2. traits (genes) can be inherited
3. variants best able to grow/reproduce = contribute more to the next generation
4. end result = change over time (evolution)
Question:
8. modern synthesis
Answer:
combines natural selection & Mendelian genetics
- most traits continuous & controlled several genes
, Question:
9. phylogenetic tree
Answer:
"tree of life"
branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of
a group of organisms
- based on fossils, morphology, & molecular observations
Question:
10. 3 characteristics of the phylogenetic tree
Answer:
1. 3 branches
2. mostly microbial
3. archaea more closely related to eukaryotes
Question:
11. 3 branches of the phylogenetic tree
Answer:
1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. eukaryotes
Question:
12. what does a node on a phylogenetic tree represent?
Answer:
common ancestor
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. biodiversity
Answer:
variety of life in the world
Question:
2. evolution
Answer:
changes in the genetic makeup (alleles) of populations over time
- results in adaption to the environment & the origin of new species
- explains unity & diversity of life
Question:
3. 3 important facts about evolution
Answer:
1. variation provides the raw material for evolution
2. evolutionary relationships form a nested pattern that can be depicted by a
phylogenetic tree
3. evolution can be studied through experimentation
Question:
4. environmental variation
Answer:
variation among individuals due to differences in the environment
(eg. NASA twins study--identical twins have the same DNA but exhibit differences
in phenotype due to environmental factors)
,Question:
5. genetic variation
Answer:
differences in genetic material that is transmitted from parents to offspring
- differences in DNA affect molecular function & phenotype
- comes from mutation
Question:
6. natural selection
Answer:
basic mechanism of evolution
- leads to a change in a population over time
- acts on phenotype (favors adaptive phenotype)
Question:
7. how does natural selection work?
Answer:
1. there is a variation in traits
2. traits (genes) can be inherited
3. variants best able to grow/reproduce = contribute more to the next generation
4. end result = change over time (evolution)
Question:
8. modern synthesis
Answer:
combines natural selection & Mendelian genetics
- most traits continuous & controlled several genes
, Question:
9. phylogenetic tree
Answer:
"tree of life"
branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of
a group of organisms
- based on fossils, morphology, & molecular observations
Question:
10. 3 characteristics of the phylogenetic tree
Answer:
1. 3 branches
2. mostly microbial
3. archaea more closely related to eukaryotes
Question:
11. 3 branches of the phylogenetic tree
Answer:
1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. eukaryotes
Question:
12. what does a node on a phylogenetic tree represent?
Answer:
common ancestor
