EDAPT: VALIDITY AND EVALUATING UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. In which parts of a research study can bias be an issue? Select all that apply.
Answer:
Conducting the study Reporting the results Seeking funding Selecting participants Planning the study
Question:
2. Which term explains an influence that can distort study results or conclusions?
Answer:
Bias
Question:
3. __________ is the extent a tool or method measures what it is supposed to measure.
__________ is the measure of consistency.
Answer:
Validity Reliability
Question:
4. Which situation is not possible?
Answer:
Low reliability and high validity
Question:
5. Match the type of validity to the definition.
Answer:
*Internal validity* - The study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment
and an outcome.
*External validity* - How the study results are applicable in other settings or the generalizability of the
study results.
*Construct validity* - Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?
*Content validity* - Are the test items fully representative of the entire domain it is intended to measure?
*Conclusion validity* - The conclusions of the study are reasonable.
Question:
6. The nurse is conducting a qualitative study that utilizes coding as a data analysis method. There are two
researchers coding the data and they reach different conclusions on the codes that are applied to interview
transcript data. This is an issue of __________ reliability.
Answer:
Inter-rater
Question:
7. Which methods can be utilized to increase the quality of a research study? Select all that apply.
, Answer:
Provide quotations from transcribed interviews
Detailed audit trail
Use different methods of data collection
Question:
8. Which findings can indicate an issue of bias? Select all that apply.
Answer:
Ensuring the medical personnel understand who is receiving experimental treatment in case there is an
emergency.
Hand selecting participants for inclusion in the experimental and control groups to ensure equal
distribution of certain demographic traits.
Some participants in a study are asked to evaluate their pain level from the previous day because the study
personnel forgot to ask them yesterday.
Question:
9. The test currently in use is quick and easy but often indicates a positive result with seasonal influenza
instead of COVID-19. This is an example of which concept?
Answer:
Validity
Question:
10. The gold standard COVID-19 test involves drawing blood and sending it to a lab, which can take
several days. The nurse searches current research evidence for a different test that is quicker but gives
results like the gold standard. This involves which type of validity?
Answer:
Criterion
Question:
11. Which type of reliability is most important when selecting a research article indicating a quick
COVID-19 test yields results like the gold standard test?
Answer:
Parallel forms
Question:
12. Indicate if the information found in the COVID-19 research articles increases the quality of the
measurement of the study or does not increase the quality.
Answer:
*Increases Quality:* Data is collected from test results, client reported symptoms, and vital signs. A
step-by-step process for how a test was administered is documented.
*Does Not Increase Quality:* There are five researchers for one study, compared to three in another. A
detailed description of COVID-19 is included.
Question:
13. The nurse is part of the team that will be implementing the new test and conducting a study to add to
the knowledge base for COVID-19 testing. Which steps should be taken to reduce bias in the study?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. In which parts of a research study can bias be an issue? Select all that apply.
Answer:
Conducting the study Reporting the results Seeking funding Selecting participants Planning the study
Question:
2. Which term explains an influence that can distort study results or conclusions?
Answer:
Bias
Question:
3. __________ is the extent a tool or method measures what it is supposed to measure.
__________ is the measure of consistency.
Answer:
Validity Reliability
Question:
4. Which situation is not possible?
Answer:
Low reliability and high validity
Question:
5. Match the type of validity to the definition.
Answer:
*Internal validity* - The study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment
and an outcome.
*External validity* - How the study results are applicable in other settings or the generalizability of the
study results.
*Construct validity* - Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?
*Content validity* - Are the test items fully representative of the entire domain it is intended to measure?
*Conclusion validity* - The conclusions of the study are reasonable.
Question:
6. The nurse is conducting a qualitative study that utilizes coding as a data analysis method. There are two
researchers coding the data and they reach different conclusions on the codes that are applied to interview
transcript data. This is an issue of __________ reliability.
Answer:
Inter-rater
Question:
7. Which methods can be utilized to increase the quality of a research study? Select all that apply.
, Answer:
Provide quotations from transcribed interviews
Detailed audit trail
Use different methods of data collection
Question:
8. Which findings can indicate an issue of bias? Select all that apply.
Answer:
Ensuring the medical personnel understand who is receiving experimental treatment in case there is an
emergency.
Hand selecting participants for inclusion in the experimental and control groups to ensure equal
distribution of certain demographic traits.
Some participants in a study are asked to evaluate their pain level from the previous day because the study
personnel forgot to ask them yesterday.
Question:
9. The test currently in use is quick and easy but often indicates a positive result with seasonal influenza
instead of COVID-19. This is an example of which concept?
Answer:
Validity
Question:
10. The gold standard COVID-19 test involves drawing blood and sending it to a lab, which can take
several days. The nurse searches current research evidence for a different test that is quicker but gives
results like the gold standard. This involves which type of validity?
Answer:
Criterion
Question:
11. Which type of reliability is most important when selecting a research article indicating a quick
COVID-19 test yields results like the gold standard test?
Answer:
Parallel forms
Question:
12. Indicate if the information found in the COVID-19 research articles increases the quality of the
measurement of the study or does not increase the quality.
Answer:
*Increases Quality:* Data is collected from test results, client reported symptoms, and vital signs. A
step-by-step process for how a test was administered is documented.
*Does Not Increase Quality:* There are five researchers for one study, compared to three in another. A
detailed description of COVID-19 is included.
Question:
13. The nurse is part of the team that will be implementing the new test and conducting a study to add to
the knowledge base for COVID-19 testing. Which steps should be taken to reduce bias in the study?
