PSY 254 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE PART 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Molly knows the history of her home city of Philadelphia. There are three landmarks downtown that she
always shows to friends who visit. This knowledge of Philadelphia is the ________ component of her
attitude toward her city.
Answer:
Cognitive
Question:
2. Jamal loves strawberry ice cream, whereas Maria does not feel strongly about strawberry ice cream.
Which of them would have longer response latencies (i.e., would respond more slowly) to a question about
his or her attitude toward strawberry ice cream?
Answer:
Maria would have a longer response latency than Jamal.
Question:
3. Researchers should make use of ________ when assessing attitudes that people may be unwilling or
unable to report.
Answer:
Implicit Measures
Question:
4. According to what you learned in this chapter, ________ attitudes tend to be stronger than ________
attitudes.
Answer:
Negative; Positive
Question:
5. In the 1930s, a time when anti-Asian sentiments were common, LaPiere (1934) toured the United States
with a young Chinese couple. Together they visited numerous hotels, auto camps, restaurants, and cafes.
LaPiere compared the attitudes of people who managed these various establishments with how well (or
poorly) these people actually treated the Chinese couple. The text used this study to introduce an important
point, namely, that the effect of ________ than people think.
Answer:
Attitudes on behavior is weaker.
Question:
6. For obvious reasons, department store managers strongly disapprove of shoplifters. However, some
stores allow shoplifters to leave with merchandise! These stores do not want to create a scene that will
disturb good patrons. This scenario illustrates the social psychological finding that...
Answer:
behaviors are not determined solely by attitudes.
, Question:
7. Ruben, a marketing executive for Apple, wants to predict a person's iPod-related behavior from his or
her attitude about iPods. To this end, Ruben will administer a survey asking people their attitudes about
iPods. Two years later, he will ask these same people to report on their behavior related to iPods.
According to research on attitude-behavior consistency, Ruben should measure people's attitudes and
behavior at the same level of specificity. Which of the following pairs of questions best satisfies this
criterion?
Answer:
"How much do you want to buy an iPod within the next two years?" and "Have you bought an iPod in the
last two years?"
Question:
8. Although you want to chat with your friend during class, you're worried that the professor or other
students would notice, so you choose not to talk to your friend. This best illustrates that...
Answer:
powerful social norms can override the influence of attitudes on behavior.
Question:
9. Lenora can't decide whether to buy a new video game or a new pair of jeans with the birthday money her
grandmother gave her. Although she likes both video games and new clothes, she has to make a choice and
decides to go with the video game. Right after buying the game, however, she experiences a lot of negative
emotion because she really liked the jeans but did not buy them. In this example, the negative emotional
state Lenora experiences after buying the video game despite liking the jeans is called...
Answer:
Dissonance
Question:
10. Kitayama and colleagues (2004) conducted an investigation comparing cognitive dissonance across
Japanese and Canadian participants. All participants were asked to rank CDs. Participants in one condition
were asked to choose one CD to keep among their middle two rankings, while participants in another
condition were given a CD without any choice. While completing these study procedures one group of
participants was exposed to a poster with faces, designed to prime the concept of other people. The results
showed that the poster manipulation ________ cognitive dissonance for ________ participants.
Answer:
Amplified; Japanese
Question:
11. Recall that in one study (Festinger and Carlsmith,
1959), the experimenter showed children a set of five toys and asked them how much they liked each one.
Then the experimenter told each child that he or she was free to play with any of the toys except for the
child's second favorite toy. In the "mild threat" condition, children were told that the experimenter would
be "annoyed" if they played with the forbidden toy. In the "severe threat" condition, children were told that
the experimenter would be "very angry" if they played with the forbidden toy, and that the child would
never see any of the toys ever again. The experimenter then left the room, and each child was covertly
observed. Later on, the experimenter asked each child to reevaluate the toys. Consistent with cognitive
dissonance theory, the results showed that children in the...
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Molly knows the history of her home city of Philadelphia. There are three landmarks downtown that she
always shows to friends who visit. This knowledge of Philadelphia is the ________ component of her
attitude toward her city.
Answer:
Cognitive
Question:
2. Jamal loves strawberry ice cream, whereas Maria does not feel strongly about strawberry ice cream.
Which of them would have longer response latencies (i.e., would respond more slowly) to a question about
his or her attitude toward strawberry ice cream?
Answer:
Maria would have a longer response latency than Jamal.
Question:
3. Researchers should make use of ________ when assessing attitudes that people may be unwilling or
unable to report.
Answer:
Implicit Measures
Question:
4. According to what you learned in this chapter, ________ attitudes tend to be stronger than ________
attitudes.
Answer:
Negative; Positive
Question:
5. In the 1930s, a time when anti-Asian sentiments were common, LaPiere (1934) toured the United States
with a young Chinese couple. Together they visited numerous hotels, auto camps, restaurants, and cafes.
LaPiere compared the attitudes of people who managed these various establishments with how well (or
poorly) these people actually treated the Chinese couple. The text used this study to introduce an important
point, namely, that the effect of ________ than people think.
Answer:
Attitudes on behavior is weaker.
Question:
6. For obvious reasons, department store managers strongly disapprove of shoplifters. However, some
stores allow shoplifters to leave with merchandise! These stores do not want to create a scene that will
disturb good patrons. This scenario illustrates the social psychological finding that...
Answer:
behaviors are not determined solely by attitudes.
, Question:
7. Ruben, a marketing executive for Apple, wants to predict a person's iPod-related behavior from his or
her attitude about iPods. To this end, Ruben will administer a survey asking people their attitudes about
iPods. Two years later, he will ask these same people to report on their behavior related to iPods.
According to research on attitude-behavior consistency, Ruben should measure people's attitudes and
behavior at the same level of specificity. Which of the following pairs of questions best satisfies this
criterion?
Answer:
"How much do you want to buy an iPod within the next two years?" and "Have you bought an iPod in the
last two years?"
Question:
8. Although you want to chat with your friend during class, you're worried that the professor or other
students would notice, so you choose not to talk to your friend. This best illustrates that...
Answer:
powerful social norms can override the influence of attitudes on behavior.
Question:
9. Lenora can't decide whether to buy a new video game or a new pair of jeans with the birthday money her
grandmother gave her. Although she likes both video games and new clothes, she has to make a choice and
decides to go with the video game. Right after buying the game, however, she experiences a lot of negative
emotion because she really liked the jeans but did not buy them. In this example, the negative emotional
state Lenora experiences after buying the video game despite liking the jeans is called...
Answer:
Dissonance
Question:
10. Kitayama and colleagues (2004) conducted an investigation comparing cognitive dissonance across
Japanese and Canadian participants. All participants were asked to rank CDs. Participants in one condition
were asked to choose one CD to keep among their middle two rankings, while participants in another
condition were given a CD without any choice. While completing these study procedures one group of
participants was exposed to a poster with faces, designed to prime the concept of other people. The results
showed that the poster manipulation ________ cognitive dissonance for ________ participants.
Answer:
Amplified; Japanese
Question:
11. Recall that in one study (Festinger and Carlsmith,
1959), the experimenter showed children a set of five toys and asked them how much they liked each one.
Then the experimenter told each child that he or she was free to play with any of the toys except for the
child's second favorite toy. In the "mild threat" condition, children were told that the experimenter would
be "annoyed" if they played with the forbidden toy. In the "severe threat" condition, children were told that
the experimenter would be "very angry" if they played with the forbidden toy, and that the child would
never see any of the toys ever again. The experimenter then left the room, and each child was covertly
observed. Later on, the experimenter asked each child to reevaluate the toys. Consistent with cognitive
dissonance theory, the results showed that children in the...
