PHIL 2275 FINAL EXAM MODULE QUIZZES 1-14 +MIDTERM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PHIL 2275 FINAL EXAM MODULE QUIZZES 1-14
+MIDTERM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. (T/F) In philosophy, the terms 'moral philosophy' and 'ethics' are used (more or less) as synonyms
Answer:
True

Question:
2. Match the Philosophers with the Corresponding Type of Normative Ethical Theories they developed
Answer:
Aristotle
A. Virtue Ethics
Immanuel Kant
B. Deontology
John Stuart Mill
C. Utilitarianism

Question:
3. According to Callahan, there is a distinction between morality and
Answer:
All of the above

Question:
4. (T/F) The task of Metaethics is "to resolve specific moral issues and morally problematic concrete cases
which arise in different areas of life."
Answer:
False

Question:
5. (T/F) According to Rachels (13.1), a satisfactory moral theory for humans will require that humans be
considered as special and unique in the grand scheme of things. It requires that we adopt a worldview in
which humans are at the center.
Answer:
False

Question:
6. (T/F) All things that are legally permissible are morally permissible.
Answer:
False

Question:
7. Match the corresponding moral principles with their names.

,Answer:
Act only on those maxims which you can at once will to become universal laws.
B. The Categorical Imperative
Actions are morally right as they tend to produce happiness, morally wrong as they tend to promote the
reverse of happiness
E. The Principle of Utility
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
F. The Golden Rule
Avoid doing harm whenever possible.
C. The Principle of Non-Malificence
Respect the free decisions of people who are mature and rational.
G. The Principle of Autonomy Do good whenever possible..
D. The Principle of Beneficence
Always try to be fair to all those who are affected by your actions.
A. Principle of Justice

Question:
8. (T/F) According to Rachels (1.5), moral judgments must be backed by good reasons; and second,
morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual's interests.
Answer:
True

Question:
9. According to Rachels, the minimum conception of morality involves
Answer:
Both (a) and (b)

Question:
10. When weighing in on the Benefits Argument (1.2), Rachels accepts the second premise (i.e.,
Transplanting the organs would benefit the other children without harming Baby Theresa) because:
Answer:
Being alive was doing Baby Theresa no good, and mere biological existence is worthless.

Question:
11. (T/F) Simple subjectivism is the theory which maintains that when a person P says that x is morally
wrong, it simply means that person P disapproves of x .
Answer:
True

Question:
12. Which of the following does Rachels propose as a possible independent moral standard (in Chapter 2)?
Answer:
Morally acceptable social practices should promote (and not hinder) the welfare of the people affected by
them.

Question:
13. (T/F) According to Rachels, the Cultural Differences Argument is unsound because it has a false
premise.

, Answer:
False

Question:
14. (T/F) According to Rachels, emotivism avoids the two main objections to simple subjectivism.
Answer:
True

Question:
15. (T/F) Ethical Relativism is the theory which claims that only some moral truths are relative.
Answer:
False

Question:
16. Which of the following is a counterexample to the Cultural Differences Argument?
Answer:
(P1*) Different Cultures have different beliefs about the shape of the earth. (C*) There is no object "truth"
about the shape of the earth. The shape of the earth is only a matter of opinion, and opinions vary from
culture to culture.

Question:
17. Which of the five claims of cultural relativism (see p. 16) does Rachels think is false?
Answer:
The answer is not Claim #5

Question:
18. Although Rachels thinks that emotivism avoids certain objections to simple subjectivism, he
nevertheless thinks that both theories
Answer:
Imply that our moral judgments are beyond reproach.

Question:
19. If cultural relativism is true, then
Answer:
All of the above

Question:
20. (T/F) Rachels claims that certain practices which are (or have been) accepted by some cultures are
morally wrong.
Answer:
True

Question:
21. Socrates objects to Euthyphro's second answer to the question "What is piety?" because
Answer:
Both (a) and (b)