NTR 401 - FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Which part of the digestive system is known for its large cell membrane surface area which aids in
absorption via active transport and facilitated diffusion of nutrients into the cells
Answer:
duodenum
Question:
2. Which of the following relationships were NOT used in the 2010 formulation of RDAs for vit D?
Answer:
populations living at higher latitudes with less intense sunlight have higher rates of diabetes and certain
cancers
Question:
3. In the stomach, there are different cells that secrete gastric juices that aid in digestion. Which cells in the
stomach secrete HCl to help with protein denaturation?
Answer:
parietal cells
Question:
4. Which of the following is least likely to stimulate gastric secretions?
Answer:
a drop in pH of the stomach contents
Question:
5. What side effects would you LEAST expect someone who experiences adult hypolactasia to display
after consuming a glass of milk?
Answer:
vomiting
Question:
6. What is it called when a person is born unable to digest any products that contain the disaccharide
lactose?
Answer:
congenital lactase-phlorizin hydrolase deficiency
Question:
7. An individual with Persistent Adult Lactasia produces an enzyme in the _____ that individuals who do
not have this condition are missing.
Answer:
brush border of the enterocytes
,Question:
8. Calcium absorption in the small intestine involves the 2 main transport systems, active transport and
diffusion.
The active transport system in the main transport system for calcium and is saturable and carrier-mediated.
What is the binding protein used in calcium absorption that shuttles calcium across the cell cytosol of an
enterocyte in order to result in calcium absorption into the plasma?
Answer:
Calbindin D
Question:
9. Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase breaks the alpha (1 --> 4) glycosidic bonds of starch producing
all of the following substances EXCEPT
Answer:
malt liquor
(produces: limit dextrin, maltose, maltotriose)
Question:
10. Why is there no digestion of starch in the stomach?
Answer:
the low pH in the stomach denatures amylase
Question:
11. Which of the following statements shows the weakest evidence that a substance is an essential
nutrient?
Answer:
infants hospitalized with intestinal bacterial infections were given infant formula with or without the
human milk protein lactoferrin added. The lactoferrin groups recovered faster, indicating that this nutrient
was essential
Question:
12. The ______ is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the
healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Answer:
estimated average requirement
Question:
13. Nutrients are chemical substances found in foods that are necessary for human life and growth,
maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Some nutrients are essential, meaning in part that they are
required for biochemical functions in the body. Which of the following examples best illustrates
essentiality?
Answer:
Chromium binds to the protein apochromodulin and that complex is needed for full activity of the tyrosine
kinase function of the insulin receptor
Question:
14. Why is it so difficult to quantify the requirements for nutrients when there is so much knowledge about
their metabolism?
, Answer:
because individuals and populations vary in their metabolism and requirements due to genetic and
environmental differences
Question:
15. Which compound is the hormone most responsible for causing feelings of hunger?
Answer:
ghrelin
Question:
16. What is the purpose of recommending daily servings of fruits, grains, vegetables, protein and dairy in
the Food Guide Pyramid or Choose My Plate instead of listing the required nutrients?
Answer:
food groups provide a simple way to get all nutrients in a balanced diet
Question:
17. An example of a nutrient in which the EAR is defined by its function, which is maintaining
hematological status is _______.
Answer:
vitamin B12
Question:
18. An example of a nutrient for which the EAR is determined by its concentration (i.e. the intake needed
to saturate white blood cells) is _______.
Answer:
vitamin C
Question:
19. __________ is described as a reduction of hunger that should cause termination of eating at the end of
a meal.
Answer:
satiety
Question:
20. Which is NOT a function of saliva?
Answer:
emulsification of fats into micelles
Question:
21. The kidneys are an important part of excretion of some nutrients and also retention of other needed
nutrients. What hormone helps the kidneys to retain Na?
Answer:
aldosterone
Question:
22. The primary integration center in the brain for the hormonal systems and neural systems that regulate
food intake and the digestive tract is the _______.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Which part of the digestive system is known for its large cell membrane surface area which aids in
absorption via active transport and facilitated diffusion of nutrients into the cells
Answer:
duodenum
Question:
2. Which of the following relationships were NOT used in the 2010 formulation of RDAs for vit D?
Answer:
populations living at higher latitudes with less intense sunlight have higher rates of diabetes and certain
cancers
Question:
3. In the stomach, there are different cells that secrete gastric juices that aid in digestion. Which cells in the
stomach secrete HCl to help with protein denaturation?
Answer:
parietal cells
Question:
4. Which of the following is least likely to stimulate gastric secretions?
Answer:
a drop in pH of the stomach contents
Question:
5. What side effects would you LEAST expect someone who experiences adult hypolactasia to display
after consuming a glass of milk?
Answer:
vomiting
Question:
6. What is it called when a person is born unable to digest any products that contain the disaccharide
lactose?
Answer:
congenital lactase-phlorizin hydrolase deficiency
Question:
7. An individual with Persistent Adult Lactasia produces an enzyme in the _____ that individuals who do
not have this condition are missing.
Answer:
brush border of the enterocytes
,Question:
8. Calcium absorption in the small intestine involves the 2 main transport systems, active transport and
diffusion.
The active transport system in the main transport system for calcium and is saturable and carrier-mediated.
What is the binding protein used in calcium absorption that shuttles calcium across the cell cytosol of an
enterocyte in order to result in calcium absorption into the plasma?
Answer:
Calbindin D
Question:
9. Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase breaks the alpha (1 --> 4) glycosidic bonds of starch producing
all of the following substances EXCEPT
Answer:
malt liquor
(produces: limit dextrin, maltose, maltotriose)
Question:
10. Why is there no digestion of starch in the stomach?
Answer:
the low pH in the stomach denatures amylase
Question:
11. Which of the following statements shows the weakest evidence that a substance is an essential
nutrient?
Answer:
infants hospitalized with intestinal bacterial infections were given infant formula with or without the
human milk protein lactoferrin added. The lactoferrin groups recovered faster, indicating that this nutrient
was essential
Question:
12. The ______ is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the
healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Answer:
estimated average requirement
Question:
13. Nutrients are chemical substances found in foods that are necessary for human life and growth,
maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Some nutrients are essential, meaning in part that they are
required for biochemical functions in the body. Which of the following examples best illustrates
essentiality?
Answer:
Chromium binds to the protein apochromodulin and that complex is needed for full activity of the tyrosine
kinase function of the insulin receptor
Question:
14. Why is it so difficult to quantify the requirements for nutrients when there is so much knowledge about
their metabolism?
, Answer:
because individuals and populations vary in their metabolism and requirements due to genetic and
environmental differences
Question:
15. Which compound is the hormone most responsible for causing feelings of hunger?
Answer:
ghrelin
Question:
16. What is the purpose of recommending daily servings of fruits, grains, vegetables, protein and dairy in
the Food Guide Pyramid or Choose My Plate instead of listing the required nutrients?
Answer:
food groups provide a simple way to get all nutrients in a balanced diet
Question:
17. An example of a nutrient in which the EAR is defined by its function, which is maintaining
hematological status is _______.
Answer:
vitamin B12
Question:
18. An example of a nutrient for which the EAR is determined by its concentration (i.e. the intake needed
to saturate white blood cells) is _______.
Answer:
vitamin C
Question:
19. __________ is described as a reduction of hunger that should cause termination of eating at the end of
a meal.
Answer:
satiety
Question:
20. Which is NOT a function of saliva?
Answer:
emulsification of fats into micelles
Question:
21. The kidneys are an important part of excretion of some nutrients and also retention of other needed
nutrients. What hormone helps the kidneys to retain Na?
Answer:
aldosterone
Question:
22. The primary integration center in the brain for the hormonal systems and neural systems that regulate
food intake and the digestive tract is the _______.
