LINCOLN UNIVERSITY BIOS110 BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

LINCOLN UNIVERSITY BIOS110 BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

Question:
1. Why do we need energy?
Answer:
to build new compounds and a complex system for reactions to harvest more energy

Question:
2. What does heterotrophic cells mean?
Answer:
an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question:
3. Where does energy originate from?
Answer:
Sun -> plants (photosynthesise) -> animals

Question:
4. What is metabolism?
Answer:
chemical reactions that allow us to yield and process energy and build complex systems from it

Question:
5. How does glucose enter the body?
Answer:
through the food we eat, which is digested and the glucose enters our bloodstream and then cells through
active transport

Question:
6. How does glucose enter the cell?
Answer:
facilitated diffusion or active transport

Question:
7. Where does energy harvesting occur first for glycolysis
Answer:
The cytoplasm

Question:
8. What are the steps of glycolysis

,Answer:
The first part of glycolysis is the investment stage: 2 molecules of ATP are consumed for each molecule of
glucose. Next, glucose is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Glucose is trapped inside the cell and at
the same time converted to an unstable 6 carbon form that can be readily split into 3-carbon units. Next is
stage 2, cleavage: In stage 2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into 2 3-carbon units of
glycerladehyde-3-phosphate. The last stage is the harvesting stage: 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of
NADH are gained from each initial molecule of glucose. This helps to form the final product,
PYRUVATE; which will the be shipped to the Krebs Cycle in aerobic conditions.

Question:
9. Where is ATP mostly made?
Answer:
mitochondria - 5% made during

Question:
10. What is needed for metabolism in mitochondria
Answer:
Oxygen

Question:
11. Where will 2-pyruvate go under aerobic conditions?
Answer:
Mitochondria (TCA cycle, krebs cycle, citric acid)

Question:
12. Where will 2-pyruvate go under anaerobic conditions?
Answer:
Cytoplasm to become lactic acid until aerobic conditions are stabilised

Question:
13. Define anaerobic and aerobic
Answer:
Aerobic requires oxygen to generate energy. Anaerobic not oxygen required to generate energy

Question:
14. What are the stages of metabolism?
Answer:
Glycolysis = ATP -> TCA cycle -> electron transport -> oxidative phosphorylation = ATP

Question:
15. In what real life situation would anaerobic conditions be met?
Answer:
Running (marathon, playing sport etc)

Question:
16. List all large biomolecules (4 of them)

, Answer:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleotides, Proteins

Question:
17. What is the purpose of carbohydrates
Answer:
main energy source for living things - energy storage, structural purposes/protection

Question:
18. What are the elements of life? (4 of them)
Answer:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,

Question:
19. What are carbohydrates made of?
Answer:
carbons covalently bonded together, hydrogen, oxygen - classified into mono/di/oli/polysaccharides
depending on the number of carbon atoms

Question:
20. What are monosaccharides?
Answer:
simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

Question:
21. what are disaccharides & give an example?
Answer:
double sugars e.g sucrose made up of combined monosaccharides

Question:
22. how does structure determine function in carbohydrates?
Answer:
monosaccharides made up of simple sugars that break down -> enter glycolysis during metabolic processes
-> generate ATP

Question:
23. Give examples of carbohydrates
Answer:
glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, cellulose

Question:
24. Give an example of a polysaccharide
Answer:
Cellulose (carbohydrate)

Question:
25. What is cellulose and what is it used for?