HD 205- DR. SHAN JIANG CH.8 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What can we see about physical growth in early childhood?
Answer:
-Body growth slows:
•Child's shape becomes more streamlined.
•Individual differences in size become more apparent.
-Skeletal growth continues:
•New epiphyses (growth centers) emerge.
•Primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth.
Question:
2. Brain Development
Answer:
•Between ages 2 and 6, the brain
-increases to 90% of its adult weight.
-undergoes reshaping and refining.
•Preschoolers improve in
-physical coordination.
-perception, attention, and memory.
-language.
-logical thinking.
-imagination.
Question:
3. Brain Development (continued)
Answer:
•Cognitive functions increasingly localize in distinct neural systems.
•Rapid growth occurs in prefrontal-cortical areas devoted to executive function.
Question:
4. •Brain plasticity
Answer:
-ensures that child will acquire certain abilities even if some brain areas are damaged.
-declines as synaptic pruning occurs.
Question:
5. Handedness
Answer:
•Reflects greater capacity of dominant cerebral hemisphere to carry out skilled motor action.
•Begins as early as tenth prenatal week. Affected by prenatal events (position in uterus), practice, and
culture
, Question:
6. Cerebellum:
Answer:
structure that aids in balance and control of body movement
Question:
7. Reticular formation:
Answer:
structure in brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness
Question:
8. Hippocampus
Answer:
inner-brain structure that plays a vital role in memory and spatial understanding
Question:
9. Amygdala:
Answer:
inner-brain structure that processes novelty and emotional information
Question:
10. Corpus callosum:
Answer:
large bundle of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Question:
11. INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL GROWTH AND HEALTH
Answer:
•Environmental Lead
•Heredity and hormones
•Emotional well-being
•Sleep habits and problems
•Nutrition
•Infectious disease
•Childhood injuries
Question:
12. Low-Level Lead Exposure and Children's Development
Answer:
•Longitudinal studies show negative relationship between lead exposure and IQ.
-behavioral changes such as reduced attention span and increased antisocial behavior, and reduced
educational attainment.
Question:
13. Heredity and Hormones
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What can we see about physical growth in early childhood?
Answer:
-Body growth slows:
•Child's shape becomes more streamlined.
•Individual differences in size become more apparent.
-Skeletal growth continues:
•New epiphyses (growth centers) emerge.
•Primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth.
Question:
2. Brain Development
Answer:
•Between ages 2 and 6, the brain
-increases to 90% of its adult weight.
-undergoes reshaping and refining.
•Preschoolers improve in
-physical coordination.
-perception, attention, and memory.
-language.
-logical thinking.
-imagination.
Question:
3. Brain Development (continued)
Answer:
•Cognitive functions increasingly localize in distinct neural systems.
•Rapid growth occurs in prefrontal-cortical areas devoted to executive function.
Question:
4. •Brain plasticity
Answer:
-ensures that child will acquire certain abilities even if some brain areas are damaged.
-declines as synaptic pruning occurs.
Question:
5. Handedness
Answer:
•Reflects greater capacity of dominant cerebral hemisphere to carry out skilled motor action.
•Begins as early as tenth prenatal week. Affected by prenatal events (position in uterus), practice, and
culture
, Question:
6. Cerebellum:
Answer:
structure that aids in balance and control of body movement
Question:
7. Reticular formation:
Answer:
structure in brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness
Question:
8. Hippocampus
Answer:
inner-brain structure that plays a vital role in memory and spatial understanding
Question:
9. Amygdala:
Answer:
inner-brain structure that processes novelty and emotional information
Question:
10. Corpus callosum:
Answer:
large bundle of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Question:
11. INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL GROWTH AND HEALTH
Answer:
•Environmental Lead
•Heredity and hormones
•Emotional well-being
•Sleep habits and problems
•Nutrition
•Infectious disease
•Childhood injuries
Question:
12. Low-Level Lead Exposure and Children's Development
Answer:
•Longitudinal studies show negative relationship between lead exposure and IQ.
-behavioral changes such as reduced attention span and increased antisocial behavior, and reduced
educational attainment.
Question:
13. Heredity and Hormones
