BIOM* 3090 FINAL DRUGS UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Clonidine
Answer:
alpha 2 agonist. Will decrease cAMP and decrease neurotransmitter release and
increase PSNS activity therefore decrease BP. Can be used for heroin detox.
Toxicity: sedation and impaired concentration
Question:
2. Prazosin
Answer:
alpha 1 blocker- will cause salt and water retention but BP will decrease (because
a1 causes vasoconstriction) the salt and water retention is reflex
Toxicity: dizziness and palpitations
Question:
3. Propranol
Answer:
non selective B blocker- block b1 decrease rate and force of contraction of heart
and decrease cardiac output. Good antiarrythmic block b1 in kidneys, decrease
renin release
Do not use in patients with asthma, previous bradycardia
Question:
4. Selective b1 blocker, decrease rate and force of contraction of heart, decrease
cardiac output. Good anti-arrhythmic. Decrease renin release from kidneys.
Contraindication: bradycardia
Answer:
Metoprolol
Question:
5. Sodium nitroprusside
Answer:
For hypertensive emergencies, Nitric oxide (NO) is a part of the drug molecule
and will mediate vasodilation viaGC enzyme converting GTP to cGMP this causes
relaxation of smooth muscle.
Toxicities: cyanide poisoning, hypotension
, Question:
6. Verapamil
Answer:
long term treatment use. Inhibits calcium flux into a cell decreasing the arteriole
smooth muscle contraction and causing vasodilation. Also blocks calcium
entering cardiac muscle cells and decreases contraction
Toxicities: bradycardia, heart failure, cardiac arrest
Question:
7. Enalapril
Answer:
ACE inhibitor,stops the conversion of AI to AII and stops the inhibition of
bradykinin. Will cause vasodilation, decrease BP.
Coughing hypotension and dizziness are side effects
Question:
8. Losartan
Answer:
ARB receptor blocker. Blocks the receptor AII binds to. Will work to decrease
blood pressure. Side effects include hypotension, dizziness (no cough)
Question:
9. Hydrochlorothiazide
Answer:
thiazide diuretic, inhibits NaCl transport in the distal tubule therefore increasing
fluid excretion.
Side effects hypokalemia, heart attach, arrythmias, gout, dehydration (heart stuff
because of ion imbalance)
Question:
10. Furosemide
Answer:
Stronger diuretic, loop diuretic. Inhibits co transport of Na, K, Cl in the loop of
henle
Question:
11. Digoxin
Answer:
Cardiac glycoside. Inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase action on the heart. It works to
increase contraction force in the heart because it keeps sodium and calcium in
cells but it will decrease the number of contractions. Will increase force of
contraction and decrease rate (baroreceptor reflex)
Toxicities: tachycardia, fibrillation
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Clonidine
Answer:
alpha 2 agonist. Will decrease cAMP and decrease neurotransmitter release and
increase PSNS activity therefore decrease BP. Can be used for heroin detox.
Toxicity: sedation and impaired concentration
Question:
2. Prazosin
Answer:
alpha 1 blocker- will cause salt and water retention but BP will decrease (because
a1 causes vasoconstriction) the salt and water retention is reflex
Toxicity: dizziness and palpitations
Question:
3. Propranol
Answer:
non selective B blocker- block b1 decrease rate and force of contraction of heart
and decrease cardiac output. Good antiarrythmic block b1 in kidneys, decrease
renin release
Do not use in patients with asthma, previous bradycardia
Question:
4. Selective b1 blocker, decrease rate and force of contraction of heart, decrease
cardiac output. Good anti-arrhythmic. Decrease renin release from kidneys.
Contraindication: bradycardia
Answer:
Metoprolol
Question:
5. Sodium nitroprusside
Answer:
For hypertensive emergencies, Nitric oxide (NO) is a part of the drug molecule
and will mediate vasodilation viaGC enzyme converting GTP to cGMP this causes
relaxation of smooth muscle.
Toxicities: cyanide poisoning, hypotension
, Question:
6. Verapamil
Answer:
long term treatment use. Inhibits calcium flux into a cell decreasing the arteriole
smooth muscle contraction and causing vasodilation. Also blocks calcium
entering cardiac muscle cells and decreases contraction
Toxicities: bradycardia, heart failure, cardiac arrest
Question:
7. Enalapril
Answer:
ACE inhibitor,stops the conversion of AI to AII and stops the inhibition of
bradykinin. Will cause vasodilation, decrease BP.
Coughing hypotension and dizziness are side effects
Question:
8. Losartan
Answer:
ARB receptor blocker. Blocks the receptor AII binds to. Will work to decrease
blood pressure. Side effects include hypotension, dizziness (no cough)
Question:
9. Hydrochlorothiazide
Answer:
thiazide diuretic, inhibits NaCl transport in the distal tubule therefore increasing
fluid excretion.
Side effects hypokalemia, heart attach, arrythmias, gout, dehydration (heart stuff
because of ion imbalance)
Question:
10. Furosemide
Answer:
Stronger diuretic, loop diuretic. Inhibits co transport of Na, K, Cl in the loop of
henle
Question:
11. Digoxin
Answer:
Cardiac glycoside. Inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase action on the heart. It works to
increase contraction force in the heart because it keeps sodium and calcium in
cells but it will decrease the number of contractions. Will increase force of
contraction and decrease rate (baroreceptor reflex)
Toxicities: tachycardia, fibrillation
