BIOM*3090 - UNIT 6: ANESTHETICS UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are Premedications?
Answer:
Injectable drugs which include sedatives ( to calm the pateint), hypnotics (induce
sleepiness), and analgesics (to min. or abolish pain during and post- surgery pain).
They can be used to reduce the dose of general anesthetic needed to render the
patient unconscious.
Question:
2. Name two sedative classes
Answer:
alpha-2 agonists
benzodiazepines
Question:
3. what is the mechanism of action of sedatives?
Answer:
stimulation of the alpha-2 receptors which opens K+ channels and inhibits
neurotransmission release in a number of brain pathways.
Question:
4. which receptor do alpha-2 agonists primarily act on?
Answer:
a2 in the brain and spinal cord, as opposed to the periphery
Question:
5. what is the effect of a2 receptor stimulation?
Answer:
sedation, analgesia, hypotension, muscle relaxation, drop in O2 exchange
Question:
6. what are the side effects of a2-agonists?
Answer:
sympathetic outflow tracts from the brain inhibited which reduces norepinephrine
release peripherally, epinephrine induced arrhythmias and skeletal muscle
relaxation.
, Question:
7. stimulation of a1 receptors in the periphery causes ______
Answer:
vasoconstriction
Question:
8. What are the effects on the Cardiovascular system from
a2-agonists?
Answer:
vasoconstriction (peripheral a1), causes initial rise in BP followed by bradycardia
due to a2 stimulation
Question:
9. What are 2 effects due to alpha 2 stimulation?
Answer:
1. bradycardia due to alpha 2 stimulation in the brainstem, inhibiting SNS outflow
2. hypotension occurs in dose-dependent manner
Question:
10. Name two a2 receptor antagonists
Answer:
yohimbine
atipamezole
Question:
11. what do a2 receptor antagonists do?
Answer:
reverse sedation and most cardiovascular effects, must be taken to avoid
increased SNS effects and pain.
Question:
12. what are the effects of Dexmedetomidine?
Answer:
1. can be used alone to cause sedation and analgesia
2. can be used with another sedative class to cause heavy sedation
3. when administered with opioids, can be used for short term surgical
procedures
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are Premedications?
Answer:
Injectable drugs which include sedatives ( to calm the pateint), hypnotics (induce
sleepiness), and analgesics (to min. or abolish pain during and post- surgery pain).
They can be used to reduce the dose of general anesthetic needed to render the
patient unconscious.
Question:
2. Name two sedative classes
Answer:
alpha-2 agonists
benzodiazepines
Question:
3. what is the mechanism of action of sedatives?
Answer:
stimulation of the alpha-2 receptors which opens K+ channels and inhibits
neurotransmission release in a number of brain pathways.
Question:
4. which receptor do alpha-2 agonists primarily act on?
Answer:
a2 in the brain and spinal cord, as opposed to the periphery
Question:
5. what is the effect of a2 receptor stimulation?
Answer:
sedation, analgesia, hypotension, muscle relaxation, drop in O2 exchange
Question:
6. what are the side effects of a2-agonists?
Answer:
sympathetic outflow tracts from the brain inhibited which reduces norepinephrine
release peripherally, epinephrine induced arrhythmias and skeletal muscle
relaxation.
, Question:
7. stimulation of a1 receptors in the periphery causes ______
Answer:
vasoconstriction
Question:
8. What are the effects on the Cardiovascular system from
a2-agonists?
Answer:
vasoconstriction (peripheral a1), causes initial rise in BP followed by bradycardia
due to a2 stimulation
Question:
9. What are 2 effects due to alpha 2 stimulation?
Answer:
1. bradycardia due to alpha 2 stimulation in the brainstem, inhibiting SNS outflow
2. hypotension occurs in dose-dependent manner
Question:
10. Name two a2 receptor antagonists
Answer:
yohimbine
atipamezole
Question:
11. what do a2 receptor antagonists do?
Answer:
reverse sedation and most cardiovascular effects, must be taken to avoid
increased SNS effects and pain.
Question:
12. what are the effects of Dexmedetomidine?
Answer:
1. can be used alone to cause sedation and analgesia
2. can be used with another sedative class to cause heavy sedation
3. when administered with opioids, can be used for short term surgical
procedures
