BPS2110 MIDTERM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. use of isostere
Answer:
functional group replacements
Question:
2. isostere
Answer:
groups of atoms with similar sterics and electronics.
give similar biological activity
Question:
3. classical isostere
Answer:
atoms or groups that have the same valency and similar size
help determine if groups are important for binding
EXAMPLE: OH = F, Cl, SH, NH2, CH3
Question:
4. Non-classical isosteres
Answer:
atoms or groups that have similar chemical properties (look for similar pka values)
differ in electronics and sterics
EXAMPLE: OH = SO3H, PO4H, tetrazol
Question:
5. Chain extension/contraction
Answer:
vary linker size to optimize interactions (binding) of groups at two ends
add of remove carbon atoms
,Question:
6. Ring expansion/contraction
Answer:
Vary ring size to improve overlap of binding groups with their binding regions
use heteroatoms
Question:
7. structure simplification
Answer:
remove parts that don't affect potency
remove stereocenters
Question:
8. stereocenters
Answer:
a carbon with four different atoms or groups of atoms bonded to it, aka
asymmetric carbon or chiral center
avoid; they make manufacturing more complex and requires more testing
Question:
9. Raceimates
Answer:
mixture of both enantiomers (consider enantiomers are separate compounds)
easier to make and test
only test single enantiomers once you have a positive test
Question:
10. The portion of a molecule that determines the biological effects of a drug
part of the drug that physically interacts with the biomolecule
Answer:
Pharmacophore
, Question:
11. selective posion for microbes and bacteria
largest impact on quality of life and life expectancy
Answer:
Antibiotic
Question:
12. Paul Erlich
Answer:
developed substance that was selectively harmful to bacteria but not humans
Question:
13. trypan red
Answer:
effective against trypanosomes which caused sleeping sickness
trypan red dyes trypanosomes but leaves RBCs alone
Erlich found a biochemical difference between cells that took up dye and those
that didn't
Question:
14. treatment for syphillis
replaced N atoms in dye structure with As in drug
poor product because it was very insoluble in water which meant it required a
large dose. if you injected it too fast, the drug precipitated from veins and
stopped circulation. If injected too deep, it caused necrosis
Answer:
Salvarsan 606
Question:
15. Prontosil
Answer:
Dye that contains sulfa molecule; its use began the practice of treating diseases
with drugs
only effective in vivo
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. use of isostere
Answer:
functional group replacements
Question:
2. isostere
Answer:
groups of atoms with similar sterics and electronics.
give similar biological activity
Question:
3. classical isostere
Answer:
atoms or groups that have the same valency and similar size
help determine if groups are important for binding
EXAMPLE: OH = F, Cl, SH, NH2, CH3
Question:
4. Non-classical isosteres
Answer:
atoms or groups that have similar chemical properties (look for similar pka values)
differ in electronics and sterics
EXAMPLE: OH = SO3H, PO4H, tetrazol
Question:
5. Chain extension/contraction
Answer:
vary linker size to optimize interactions (binding) of groups at two ends
add of remove carbon atoms
,Question:
6. Ring expansion/contraction
Answer:
Vary ring size to improve overlap of binding groups with their binding regions
use heteroatoms
Question:
7. structure simplification
Answer:
remove parts that don't affect potency
remove stereocenters
Question:
8. stereocenters
Answer:
a carbon with four different atoms or groups of atoms bonded to it, aka
asymmetric carbon or chiral center
avoid; they make manufacturing more complex and requires more testing
Question:
9. Raceimates
Answer:
mixture of both enantiomers (consider enantiomers are separate compounds)
easier to make and test
only test single enantiomers once you have a positive test
Question:
10. The portion of a molecule that determines the biological effects of a drug
part of the drug that physically interacts with the biomolecule
Answer:
Pharmacophore
, Question:
11. selective posion for microbes and bacteria
largest impact on quality of life and life expectancy
Answer:
Antibiotic
Question:
12. Paul Erlich
Answer:
developed substance that was selectively harmful to bacteria but not humans
Question:
13. trypan red
Answer:
effective against trypanosomes which caused sleeping sickness
trypan red dyes trypanosomes but leaves RBCs alone
Erlich found a biochemical difference between cells that took up dye and those
that didn't
Question:
14. treatment for syphillis
replaced N atoms in dye structure with As in drug
poor product because it was very insoluble in water which meant it required a
large dose. if you injected it too fast, the drug precipitated from veins and
stopped circulation. If injected too deep, it caused necrosis
Answer:
Salvarsan 606
Question:
15. Prontosil
Answer:
Dye that contains sulfa molecule; its use began the practice of treating diseases
with drugs
only effective in vivo
