DEP2004 Midterm review
What is human development?
Human development is the multidisciplinary observe of the way human beings change and
the way they remain the same over time.
Nurture is
environmental influences decide the sort of individual you're and that they together paintings
collectively.
Nature involves the degree
to which genetic and hereditary affect
Universal vs. Context-particular improvement
worries on whether or not there may be one route of improvement or numerous.
Biological forces
that encompass all genetic and health-associated elements that affect development.
Psychological forces
that encompass all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and character elements that
have an effect on improvement.
Sociocultural forces
that include interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that have an effect on
development.
Life-cycle forces
that reflect variations in how the identical event influences humans of various ages.
,Psychodynamic concept/ Erik Erikson holds that improvement is largely determined through
how nicely human beings resolve conflicts they face at extraordinary ages.
Erikson proposed that character improvement is determined by means of an inner
maturational plan interacting with outside societal demands
Behaviorism/Operant conditioning
wherein the results of a conduct decide whether or not a behavior is repeated.
Punishment
Is a result that decreases the likelihood of the conduct that it follows
Reward
is a outcome that will increase the probability of the conduct that it follows.
Positive reinforcement consists of giving
a reward together with chocolate, awards, or paychecks to increase the likelihood of a
conduct.
Social getting to know principle/observational gaining knowledge of
Learning by means of surely watching those round us.
Self-efficacy
People's ideals approximately their very own abilties and competencies.
Piaget's theory
Piaget believed that they act like scientists, growing theories approximately the bodily and
social worlds that are examined every day with the aid of experience
Piaget's order of tiers
Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years - Infant’s know-how of the arena is based totally on senses
and motor competencies; through the quit of the duration, makes use of mental
representation
Preoperational notion 2 to 6 years -Child learns the way to use symbols such as words and
numbers to represent aspects of the world but pertains to the world only thru their
perspective
Concrete operational notion 7 years to early childhood -Child understands and applies
logical operations to studies supplied they are targeted at the here and now
, Formal operational notion Adolescence and beyond -Adolescent or adult thinks abstractly,
offers with hypothetical conditions, and speculates approximately what can be viable
Pre Reflective reasoning Early maturity and beyond -Knowledge won from relied on other
and what is known is taken into consideration really correct
Quasi-reflective reasoning Mid-20s and beyond -Knowledge is unsure; judgments are
viewed as situationally determined and idiosyncratic
Reflective reasoning Midlife and past-Decisions based totally on fine proof to be had which
can be valid; choices open to revision based on new evidence
Sensorimotor
Birth to 2 years - Infant's know-how of the sector is based totally on senses and motor
competencies; with the aid of the stop of the period, makes use of intellectual illustration
Preoperational concept
2 to six years -Child learns the way to use symbols consisting of words and numbers to
symbolize factors of the sector however relates to the world most effective thru their attitude
Concrete operational concept
7 years to early formative years -Child is aware and applies logical operations to reviews
furnished they are targeted at the here and now
Formal operational concept Adolescence and beyond -Adolescent or adult thinks abstractly,
deals with hypothetical situations, and speculates about what can be viable
Pre Reflective reasoning
Early maturity and beyond -Knowledge gained from relied on different and what is known is
considered really accurate
Quasi-reflective reasoning
Mid-20s and past -Knowledge is uncertain; judgments are regarded as situationally decided
and idiosyncratic
What is human development?
Human development is the multidisciplinary observe of the way human beings change and
the way they remain the same over time.
Nurture is
environmental influences decide the sort of individual you're and that they together paintings
collectively.
Nature involves the degree
to which genetic and hereditary affect
Universal vs. Context-particular improvement
worries on whether or not there may be one route of improvement or numerous.
Biological forces
that encompass all genetic and health-associated elements that affect development.
Psychological forces
that encompass all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and character elements that
have an effect on improvement.
Sociocultural forces
that include interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that have an effect on
development.
Life-cycle forces
that reflect variations in how the identical event influences humans of various ages.
,Psychodynamic concept/ Erik Erikson holds that improvement is largely determined through
how nicely human beings resolve conflicts they face at extraordinary ages.
Erikson proposed that character improvement is determined by means of an inner
maturational plan interacting with outside societal demands
Behaviorism/Operant conditioning
wherein the results of a conduct decide whether or not a behavior is repeated.
Punishment
Is a result that decreases the likelihood of the conduct that it follows
Reward
is a outcome that will increase the probability of the conduct that it follows.
Positive reinforcement consists of giving
a reward together with chocolate, awards, or paychecks to increase the likelihood of a
conduct.
Social getting to know principle/observational gaining knowledge of
Learning by means of surely watching those round us.
Self-efficacy
People's ideals approximately their very own abilties and competencies.
Piaget's theory
Piaget believed that they act like scientists, growing theories approximately the bodily and
social worlds that are examined every day with the aid of experience
Piaget's order of tiers
Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years - Infant’s know-how of the arena is based totally on senses
and motor competencies; through the quit of the duration, makes use of mental
representation
Preoperational notion 2 to 6 years -Child learns the way to use symbols such as words and
numbers to represent aspects of the world but pertains to the world only thru their
perspective
Concrete operational notion 7 years to early childhood -Child understands and applies
logical operations to studies supplied they are targeted at the here and now
, Formal operational notion Adolescence and beyond -Adolescent or adult thinks abstractly,
offers with hypothetical conditions, and speculates approximately what can be viable
Pre Reflective reasoning Early maturity and beyond -Knowledge won from relied on other
and what is known is taken into consideration really correct
Quasi-reflective reasoning Mid-20s and beyond -Knowledge is unsure; judgments are
viewed as situationally determined and idiosyncratic
Reflective reasoning Midlife and past-Decisions based totally on fine proof to be had which
can be valid; choices open to revision based on new evidence
Sensorimotor
Birth to 2 years - Infant's know-how of the sector is based totally on senses and motor
competencies; with the aid of the stop of the period, makes use of intellectual illustration
Preoperational concept
2 to six years -Child learns the way to use symbols consisting of words and numbers to
symbolize factors of the sector however relates to the world most effective thru their attitude
Concrete operational concept
7 years to early formative years -Child is aware and applies logical operations to reviews
furnished they are targeted at the here and now
Formal operational concept Adolescence and beyond -Adolescent or adult thinks abstractly,
deals with hypothetical situations, and speculates about what can be viable
Pre Reflective reasoning
Early maturity and beyond -Knowledge gained from relied on different and what is known is
considered really accurate
Quasi-reflective reasoning
Mid-20s and past -Knowledge is uncertain; judgments are regarded as situationally decided
and idiosyncratic
