BLD 204: EXAM 4 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Neoplasm
Answer:
"New growth;" abnormal; mass of tissue; disorderly cells (proliferation,
differentiation, relationship to stroma - surrounding tissue like basement
membrane, collagen, fibrin, etc.)
Question:
2. Tumor
Answer:
A neoplasm; clonal (progeny of one cell)
Question:
3. Carcinogenesis
Answer:
Initiation of cancer formation
Question:
4. Oncology
Answer:
Study of tumors
Question:
5. Fundamental Characteristics of All Cancers
Answer:
Disorderly division, disorderly differentiation, disorder in environment
Question:
6. Disorderly Division
Answer:
Cells become "immortal;" divide many more times than supposed to; mass of cells
in inappropriate number/location
,Question:
7. Disorderly Differentiation
Answer:
Fail to differentiate properly; often remain "stuck" in immature states; more
immature = worse outcome; immature/undifferentiated cells exhibit behaviors that
they shouldn't (ex: expressing fetal proteins/hormones)
Question:
8. Disorder in Environment
Answer:
Don't blend in; look out of place; benign masses expand into space where they
don't belong; malignant neoplasms spread into surrounding tissues and even to
other parts of body
Question:
9. Benign
Answer:
Don't invade surrounding tissue; no metastasis; low growth rate; little mitosis (slow
cell turnover); some atrophy or surrounding tissue by pressure of mass; well-
differentiated cells (closely resemble normal counterparts
Question:
10. Malignant
Answer:
Invade surrounding tissue; metastasis often in other tissues (ex: lung cancers
metastasize in brain); lots of mitosis/growth (once a day); damage to surrounding
tissue; surprisingly well-differentiated or completely undifferentiated (wide
range); anaplastic if tumor is composed of undifferentiated cells
Question:
11. Anaplasia
Answer:
Poorly differentiated cells; immature cells; lose characteristics and orientation
, Question:
12. Morphologic Changes of Anaplasia
Answer:
Fail to differentiate properly; often remain "stuck" in immature states; more
immature = worse outcome; malignant; pleomorphic (variation in size/shape of
cells/nuclei); nuclei extremely hyperchromatic (dark-staining) and large;
increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio; coarse chromatin; nuclei are variable and
bizarre in size/shape; many/atypical mitoses; fail to develop recognizable
patterns of orientation to one another (lose polarity); more rapidly growing = less
likely to have specialized functional activity
Question:
13. Dysplasia
Answer:
Warning sign that malignancy is coming; common in epithelial tissues; "carcinoma
in situ" = whole depth of tissue is dysplastic
Question:
14. Hamartoma
Answer:
Tumor-like mass; lacks autonomy (still functions with body); good differentiation;
in right organ; organization is different from normal; vascular most common
Question:
15. Heteroplasia
Answer:
Differentiation of tissue is wrong for location; NOT METAPLASIA (no change from
one differentiated cell to another); happens at stem cell stage; a mass that doesn't
belong there; EX: tooth growing somewhere it doesn't belong; masses of various
types or one type of tissue; EX: choristoma
Question:
16. Choristoma
Answer:
Congenital; example of heteroplasia
Question:
17. Papilloma
Answer:
Epithelial cells growing in a sheet; squamous, transitional, or columnar
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Neoplasm
Answer:
"New growth;" abnormal; mass of tissue; disorderly cells (proliferation,
differentiation, relationship to stroma - surrounding tissue like basement
membrane, collagen, fibrin, etc.)
Question:
2. Tumor
Answer:
A neoplasm; clonal (progeny of one cell)
Question:
3. Carcinogenesis
Answer:
Initiation of cancer formation
Question:
4. Oncology
Answer:
Study of tumors
Question:
5. Fundamental Characteristics of All Cancers
Answer:
Disorderly division, disorderly differentiation, disorder in environment
Question:
6. Disorderly Division
Answer:
Cells become "immortal;" divide many more times than supposed to; mass of cells
in inappropriate number/location
,Question:
7. Disorderly Differentiation
Answer:
Fail to differentiate properly; often remain "stuck" in immature states; more
immature = worse outcome; immature/undifferentiated cells exhibit behaviors that
they shouldn't (ex: expressing fetal proteins/hormones)
Question:
8. Disorder in Environment
Answer:
Don't blend in; look out of place; benign masses expand into space where they
don't belong; malignant neoplasms spread into surrounding tissues and even to
other parts of body
Question:
9. Benign
Answer:
Don't invade surrounding tissue; no metastasis; low growth rate; little mitosis (slow
cell turnover); some atrophy or surrounding tissue by pressure of mass; well-
differentiated cells (closely resemble normal counterparts
Question:
10. Malignant
Answer:
Invade surrounding tissue; metastasis often in other tissues (ex: lung cancers
metastasize in brain); lots of mitosis/growth (once a day); damage to surrounding
tissue; surprisingly well-differentiated or completely undifferentiated (wide
range); anaplastic if tumor is composed of undifferentiated cells
Question:
11. Anaplasia
Answer:
Poorly differentiated cells; immature cells; lose characteristics and orientation
, Question:
12. Morphologic Changes of Anaplasia
Answer:
Fail to differentiate properly; often remain "stuck" in immature states; more
immature = worse outcome; malignant; pleomorphic (variation in size/shape of
cells/nuclei); nuclei extremely hyperchromatic (dark-staining) and large;
increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio; coarse chromatin; nuclei are variable and
bizarre in size/shape; many/atypical mitoses; fail to develop recognizable
patterns of orientation to one another (lose polarity); more rapidly growing = less
likely to have specialized functional activity
Question:
13. Dysplasia
Answer:
Warning sign that malignancy is coming; common in epithelial tissues; "carcinoma
in situ" = whole depth of tissue is dysplastic
Question:
14. Hamartoma
Answer:
Tumor-like mass; lacks autonomy (still functions with body); good differentiation;
in right organ; organization is different from normal; vascular most common
Question:
15. Heteroplasia
Answer:
Differentiation of tissue is wrong for location; NOT METAPLASIA (no change from
one differentiated cell to another); happens at stem cell stage; a mass that doesn't
belong there; EX: tooth growing somewhere it doesn't belong; masses of various
types or one type of tissue; EX: choristoma
Question:
16. Choristoma
Answer:
Congenital; example of heteroplasia
Question:
17. Papilloma
Answer:
Epithelial cells growing in a sheet; squamous, transitional, or columnar
