UTA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1- NURS 3366 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

UTA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1- NURS 3366 UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Homeostasis
Answer:
maintenance of constant conditions in the body's internal environment

Question:
2. Compensation
Answer:
the return to homeostasis after being challenged by a stressor

Question:
3. How is compensation achieved?
Answer:
by the body's use of control mechanisms, also called compensatory mechanisms

Question:
4. Compensatory mechanisms examples?
Answer:
when exposed to an elevated external temperature (Texas summer) or heavy exercise -> body temperature
rises -> the hypothalamus senses the elevated core temperature and sends a signal to the skin to produce
sweat -> heat loss occurs through evaporation. Dilation of the superficial blood vessels also occurs -> as
"heated blood" circulates from the core to the periphery -> heat loss occurs through radiation (heat
removed from body into surrounding air).
you've lost a lot of blood (massive bleeding) or water (dehydration), the body uses certain compensatory
techniques to keep the remaining fluid volume circulating as effectively as possible (temporary measures
until the cause of the problem gets fixed) -> heart rate would increase and arteries in your peripheral would
constrict, shunting whatever blood volume is left to the central areas

Question:
5. Decompensation
Answer:
if the body is unable to appropriately meet the challenge of stressors, the failure to compensate, heal, adapt

Question:
6. Disease (dz)
Answer:
harmful condition of the body (and/or mind)

Question:
7. Disorder
Answer:
disturbance in the healthiness of the body

,Question:
8. Syndrome
Answer:
collection of symptoms

Question:
9. Etiology
Answer:
the cause of a disease; includes all factors that contribute to development of dz

Question:
10. Idiopathic
Answer:
disease with an unidentifiable cause

Question:
11. Iatrogenic
Answer:
occurs as result of medical treatment; ex—if kidney failure is due to improper use of antibiotics prescribed
by a healthcare provider

Question:
12. Nosocomial
Answer:
result as consequence of being in hospital environment; ex- they come in for a different issue, but due to
improper sanitation or use they develop something else (due to a hospital issue!)

Question:
13. Clinical manifestations
Answer:
the demonstration of a sign and/or symptom of a disease

Question:
14. Signs
Answer:
manifestations that can be objectively identified by a trained observer

Question:
15. Symptoms
Answer:
subjective manifestations such as pain or weakness

Question:
16. Phenotype
Answer:
think of signs and symptoms, "has the phenotype" means "has the disease", which means "has the S&S"

,Question:
17. Local S&S
Answer:
Redness, swelling, heat, rash, & lymphadenopathy (disease of lymph nodes) in a particular area

Question:
18. Systemic S&S
Answer:
fever, urticaria (hives), malaise ("I feel dragged out" or "awful all over"), systemic lymphadenopathy

Question:
19. Urticaria
Answer:
hives

Question:
20. Malaise
Answer:
a vague feeling of physical discomfort or uneasiness

Question:
21. how does acute S&S manifest?
Answer:
rapid appearance of S&S, usually only lasts a short time, can also mean an increase in severity

Question:
22. how does chronic S&S manifest?
Answer:
develop more slowly; S&S are often insidious (gradual) and last longer and/or wax and wane over months
or years.

Question:
23. Remissions
Answer:
periods when S&S disappear or diminish significantly (wane)

Question:
24. Exacerbations
Answer:
periods when S&S become worse or more severe

Question:
25. Peripheral or periphery
Answer:
refers to problem, situation, etc, that is occurring towards the outer parts of the body, away from core

, Question:
26. Central
Answer:
the body's core, brain and spinal cord, heart, etc.

Question:
27. Shock
Answer:
low blood perfusion to the cells= inadequate oxygen to the cell. Results in abnormal cell function. S&S
may include a low blood pressure and/or confusion from not getting enough blood/O2 to the brain. Sign is
cool, pale extremities

Question:
28. Distal
Answer:
father from the center of the body (can also mean DOWNSTREAM)

Question:
29. Proximal
Answer:
closer to the center of the body

Question:
30. Prognosis
Answer:
a prediction of the course of a disease

Question:
31. What affects the prognosis?
Answer:
the usual course of a disease, and individual's characteristics such as age and comorbidities

Question:
32. Comorbidity
Answer:
two or more coexisting medical conditions; this increases chance of poor prognosis

Question:
33. Sequela
Answer:
aftermath of a disease. Synonym= complications. Can be used as "outcome" as well, but typically has a
negative connotation

Question:
34. Sequela of rheumatic fever