NUTR 475 QUIZ 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NUTR 475 QUIZ 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. basal metabolic rate
Answer:
energy expenditure by the body when at rest, but not asleep, under uncontrolled conditions of thermal
neutrality

Question:
2. at what point in time is a bmr measured
Answer:
about 12 hours after the last meal.

Question:
3. kcal/g of nutrients and non-nutrient
Answer:
Carbs and Proteins: 4 kcal/g Lipids: 9 kcal/g Alcohol: 7 kcal/g

Question:
4. two methods of measuring energy expenditure
Answer:
- direct calorimetry: measuring heat
- indirect calorimetry: measuring O2 consumption (uses RQ)

Question:
5. Respiratory quotient
Answer:
ratio of production of CO2 to consumption of O2

Question:
6. 1 g of carbs RQ, VO2, VCO2
Answer:
VO2(L): 0.827 VCO2(L): 0.827 RQ: 1

Question:
7. 1 g of lipids RQ, VO2, VCO2
Answer:
VO2(L): 2.018 VCO2(L): 1.435 RQ: 0.710

Question:
8. 1 g of protein RQ, VO2, VCO2
Answer:
VO2(L): 1.010 VCO2(L): 0.843 RQ: 0.835

,Question:
9. Change in RQ indicates a shift in
Answer:
fuel source utilization (like carbs to protein)

Question:
10. generation of what product influences RQ
Answer:
ketone bodies - fuel source utilization shift towards lipids

Question:
11. Energy Expenditure Equation (lusk formula)
Answer:
EE = VO2(1.232RQ+3.185)

Question:
12. RQ values and their assumed primary fuel source utilization
Answer:
RQ close to 1 is primarily carbohydrate utilization, RQ around higher 0.8-0.9 is protein, RQ around 0.7 is
primarily lipids RQ will always be between each individual nutrient's RQ since we always use a mix

Question:
13. examples of substrate level phosphorylation
Answer:
Glycolysis: 4 ATP generated from SLP - occurs 2 times in pathway/cycle, 4 times per glucose CAC: 1
ATP/GTP generated from SLP - occurs 1 time per cycle, 2 times per glucose

Question:
14. example of oxidative phosphorylation
Answer:
ETC uses electron transporters to drive protons into intracellular membrane, driving atp synthase to
generate ATP

Question:
15. energy balance is ; imbalance from
Answer:
food intake vs energy expenditure ; undernutrition/malnutrition or overnutrition

Question:
16. malnutrition ; influences what
Answer:
negative energy balance from poor diet or disease state ; development of some chronic diseases

Question:
17. overnutrition

, Answer:
positive energy balance

Question:
18. obesity
Answer:
- major risk factor of insulin resistance (hepatic and muscle especially)
- major risk factor of CVD
- associated with T2DM
- elevated circulating levels of free fatty acids adipokines

Question:
19. adipokines
Answer:
- cytokines (signaling proteins) from adipocytes
- can lead to lipotoxicity of beta cells (T2DM)

Question:
20. types of adipokines
Answer:
- leptin counteracts ghrelin
- adiponectin improves insulin signaling
- resistin
- TNF-a (tumor necrosis factor a) flamkine signaling inflammation from free fatty acids

Question:
21. How does obesity lead to CVD
Answer:
- elevated circulating levels of LDL cholesterol causes endothelial lesions from plaque in vessels
- decreased levels of HDL cholesterol (cytoprotector)

Question:
22. 20 AA names 3 letter 1 letter
Answer:
Alanine, Ala, A Proline, Pro, P Valine, Val, V Leucine, Leu, L Isoleucine, Ile, I Methionine, Met, M
Phenylalanine, phe, F Tyrosine, Tyr, Y Tryptophan, Trp, W Serine, Ser, S Threonine, Thr, T Cysteine,
Cys, C Asparagine, Asn, N Glutamine, Gln, Q Lysine, Lys, K Arginine, Arg, R Histidine, His, H
Aspartate, Asp, D Glutamate, Glu, E

Question:
23. RDA
Answer:
recommended dietary allowances; essential nutrient intake to be adequate to meet needs of 97-98%
population

Question:
24. AIs