NSG 318 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NSG 318 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. PEDS Absorption
Answer:
-Erratic (unpredictable/inconsistent)
-Infants and neonates have 75% water and less body fat.

Question:
2. PEDS Distribution
Answer:
Less protein (albumin) binding means more free drug in the bloodstream, increasing the risk for toxicity.

Question:
3. PEDS Metabolism
Answer:
The liver is not fully matured, resulting in a slower metabolism and longer duration of action for some
drugs.

Question:
4. GERI Absorption
Answer:
Decreased stomach acidity, reduced GI motility, and decreased blood flow to the GI tract slow absorption.

Question:
5. GERI Distribution
Answer:
-Decreased total body water and lean body mass, and increased body fat.
-Decreased serum albumin leads to more free, active drug and a higher risk of toxicity.

Question:
6. GERI Metabolism
Answer:
Reduced liver mass and function, decreased hepatic blood flow.

Question:
7. GERI Excretion
Answer:
-Reduced kidney mass and function. -Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow
prolong the half-life of drugs.

Question:
8. PEDS Pharmacodynamics

, Answer:
Requires careful assessment, as effects are determined by developmental stage.

Question:
9. GERI Pharmacodynamics
Answer:
-Age-related changes in the CNS and cardiovascular system affect response.
-There are changes in the number and sensitivity of drug receptors.
-Compensatory physiologic responses (like a reflex to low BP) are often decreased.

Question:
10. PEDS Safety
Answer:
-Drug dosage is weight-based.
-PEDS errors are common; calculations must be double-checked.
-Use the smallest syringe that accurately measures the dose.
-For neonates/infants, inject oral meds into the side of the cheek and follow up with formula or breast milk.

Question:
11. GERI Safety
Answer:
-Polypharmacy (taking multiple drugs) is a major safety risk.
-Utilize the Beers Criteria
-Requires careful Renal Dosing adjustments.
-High risk for Adverse Drug Events (ADEs).

Question:
12. Beers Criteria
Answer:
Utilize to avoid potentially inappropriate drugs in older adults and elders.

Question:
13. PEDS Adherence
Answer:
-Requires family-centered care.
-Teaching must be directed toward the family/caregivers.
-Toddlers: Use simple explanations and a firm approach.
-Adolescents: Need individualized care; concerns about peer thoughts and privacy are key.

Question:
14. GERI Adherence
Answer:
-Common issues: client misunderstanding the regimen, complex regimens, decreased visual/hearing
acuity, and socioeconomic factors.
-Non-adherence can lead to under/overdose