CHD 4537 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. How many states require parent education?
Answer:
zero
Question:
2. What is coparenting?
Answer:
Various people that team up and collaborate in the parenting
Question:
3. What are the characteristics of parenthood from an ecological perspective?
Answer:
1. parenthood is a social construct
2. parent-child relationship is a subsystem of the family
3. parenting is bidirectional
4. parenting is a developmental role
Question:
4. What are some current cultural values associated with parenting?
Answer:
1. child-centered
2. childhood should be happy and careful
Question:
5. What characterized childhood in Ancient Greek and Rome?
Answer:
1. childhood ended between ages 5-7
2. shorter lifespan
3. childhood focused on preparing to become an adult
4. child sacrifice, infanticide, and slavery common
5. women and children had few rights
Question:
6. Describe the family as a core unit in ancient Greece and Rome?
Answer:
1. father as a leader
2. Mother is child's first teacher
Question:
7. What characterized childhood in the period of the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?
,Answer:
1. children seen as mini adults
2. little formal education
-observe parents
3. parents did not maintain close emotional ties with children - no attachment
4. Families faced many competing needs to ensure daily survival: food, clothing, shelter
5. attention did not start shifting toward children until the late 1500s
Question:
8. what characterized childhood in colonial america?
Answer:
1. influenced by Puritan beliefs
2. children viewed as inherently sinful - parents overcome this through high levels of control and strict
discipline
3. child play considered a distraction
4. children valuable because high infant mortality- good source of labor
Question:
9. How was childhood characterized by Calvinism?
Answer:
1. stern physical punishment
2. strict moral instruction
3. unidirectional - cause and effect model
Question:
10. How was childhood characterized by environmentalism?
Answer:
1. tabula rasa - "blank slate" - parents shape morals and behaviors - no kind of inherent qualities in children
2. behaviors modeled by parents strongly influence development
3. nature vs. nurture
Question:
11. How was childhood characterized by early developmentalism?
Answer:
1. developmental immaturity of children acknowledged
2. better understanding of gentle care and the effects of harshness
Question:
12. How was childhood influenced by the Industrial Revolution?
Answer:
1. Fathers out of the home; mothering role expanded
2. shift toward more nurturing parenting
Question:
13. How was childhood characterized in Ancient China?
, Answer:
1. Confucian views on childrearing similar to modern views
- potential for change during early years
-role of early experiences in shaping trajectories
-early parent-child relationship
-importance of parental caregiving
Question:
14. What characterized parenting during the 20th century and present day?
Answer:
1. range in childrearing approaches: permissive to authoritarian
2. shift away from physical punishment to positive reinforcement
3. evolving roles for mothers/fathers
4. increased awareness of child abuse and family violence
5. greater acceptance of diverse families
6. Contemporary issues: same-sex families, economic recession, aftermath of 9/11, technology
Question:
15. If most historians believe that parents have always strived to do what is best for their children, why
have techniques and tactics changed over time?
Answer:
1. Different standards of appropriate parenting
2. Ways adults express nurturing has changes
3. Ideas of what children need from adults has changed
Question:
16. What are the 8 domains that influence parenting behaviors and views?
Answer:
1. culture(social class, race, education, socialization)
2. development level of child(age)
3. structure and nurture (limits along the lines of love/responsiveness)
4. family of origin (modeling behaviors of your parents)
5. child influences (how children impact parental behavior)
6. discipline that is developmentally appropriate and structured
7. family ecology (influenced by environmental factors)
8. attitudes and parenting styles (beliefs that influence behavior)
Question:
17. Is there a "correct' method of parenting?
Answer:
There needs to be diversity because all parents and kids are different, and not all methods work well with
certain children and parents. HOWEVER, research informs what works best MOST of the time
Question:
18. What is a theory?
Answer:
A set of logically related concepts and propositions that describe, explain, and/or predict behavior
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. How many states require parent education?
Answer:
zero
Question:
2. What is coparenting?
Answer:
Various people that team up and collaborate in the parenting
Question:
3. What are the characteristics of parenthood from an ecological perspective?
Answer:
1. parenthood is a social construct
2. parent-child relationship is a subsystem of the family
3. parenting is bidirectional
4. parenting is a developmental role
Question:
4. What are some current cultural values associated with parenting?
Answer:
1. child-centered
2. childhood should be happy and careful
Question:
5. What characterized childhood in Ancient Greek and Rome?
Answer:
1. childhood ended between ages 5-7
2. shorter lifespan
3. childhood focused on preparing to become an adult
4. child sacrifice, infanticide, and slavery common
5. women and children had few rights
Question:
6. Describe the family as a core unit in ancient Greece and Rome?
Answer:
1. father as a leader
2. Mother is child's first teacher
Question:
7. What characterized childhood in the period of the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?
,Answer:
1. children seen as mini adults
2. little formal education
-observe parents
3. parents did not maintain close emotional ties with children - no attachment
4. Families faced many competing needs to ensure daily survival: food, clothing, shelter
5. attention did not start shifting toward children until the late 1500s
Question:
8. what characterized childhood in colonial america?
Answer:
1. influenced by Puritan beliefs
2. children viewed as inherently sinful - parents overcome this through high levels of control and strict
discipline
3. child play considered a distraction
4. children valuable because high infant mortality- good source of labor
Question:
9. How was childhood characterized by Calvinism?
Answer:
1. stern physical punishment
2. strict moral instruction
3. unidirectional - cause and effect model
Question:
10. How was childhood characterized by environmentalism?
Answer:
1. tabula rasa - "blank slate" - parents shape morals and behaviors - no kind of inherent qualities in children
2. behaviors modeled by parents strongly influence development
3. nature vs. nurture
Question:
11. How was childhood characterized by early developmentalism?
Answer:
1. developmental immaturity of children acknowledged
2. better understanding of gentle care and the effects of harshness
Question:
12. How was childhood influenced by the Industrial Revolution?
Answer:
1. Fathers out of the home; mothering role expanded
2. shift toward more nurturing parenting
Question:
13. How was childhood characterized in Ancient China?
, Answer:
1. Confucian views on childrearing similar to modern views
- potential for change during early years
-role of early experiences in shaping trajectories
-early parent-child relationship
-importance of parental caregiving
Question:
14. What characterized parenting during the 20th century and present day?
Answer:
1. range in childrearing approaches: permissive to authoritarian
2. shift away from physical punishment to positive reinforcement
3. evolving roles for mothers/fathers
4. increased awareness of child abuse and family violence
5. greater acceptance of diverse families
6. Contemporary issues: same-sex families, economic recession, aftermath of 9/11, technology
Question:
15. If most historians believe that parents have always strived to do what is best for their children, why
have techniques and tactics changed over time?
Answer:
1. Different standards of appropriate parenting
2. Ways adults express nurturing has changes
3. Ideas of what children need from adults has changed
Question:
16. What are the 8 domains that influence parenting behaviors and views?
Answer:
1. culture(social class, race, education, socialization)
2. development level of child(age)
3. structure and nurture (limits along the lines of love/responsiveness)
4. family of origin (modeling behaviors of your parents)
5. child influences (how children impact parental behavior)
6. discipline that is developmentally appropriate and structured
7. family ecology (influenced by environmental factors)
8. attitudes and parenting styles (beliefs that influence behavior)
Question:
17. Is there a "correct' method of parenting?
Answer:
There needs to be diversity because all parents and kids are different, and not all methods work well with
certain children and parents. HOWEVER, research informs what works best MOST of the time
Question:
18. What is a theory?
Answer:
A set of logically related concepts and propositions that describe, explain, and/or predict behavior
