Mental & Behavioral Health Exam 2
ataxia Uncoordinated muscle movements.
apraxia Inability to carry out purposeful motor activities.
aphasia Difficulty expressing or understanding language.
agraphia Impaired ability to write.
agnosia Inability to recognize familiar objects, people, sounds, or smells.
confabulation Making up events to fill memory gaps.
sundowning Confusion worsens in the late afternoon or evening.
pseudodementia A condition that looks like dementia but is caused by another condition.
neurocognitive disorder A decline in cognition or memory from previous function.
tolerance The need for more of the substance to achieve the same effect.
dependence Physical or psychological reliance on the substance.
withdrawal Predictable symptoms that occur after reducing or stopping a substance after
prolonged use.
alcohol intoxication symptoms include:
Slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, poor judgment, decreased
motor skills.
delirium tremens (DTs) A severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can be life-threatening.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome A condition caused by severe thiamine deficiency in chronic alcohol use.
Wernicke encephalopathy? symptoms include:
Confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia.
, Mental & Behavioral Health Exam 2
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome tx: Thiamine replacement.
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) A long-acting benzodiazepine for medically supervised alcohol detox.
Acamprosate (Campral) Helps maintain abstinence by reducing cravings.
Disulfiram (Antabuse) Causes nausea and vomiting when alcohol is consumed.
benzodiazepine Flumazenil is the antidote for __________________ overdose
opioid overdose symptoms include:
Respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and pinpoint pupils.
opioid antidote for an __________ overdose is Naloxone (Narcan).
stimulant intoxication symptoms include:
Euphoria, hyperactivity, hypervigilance, and hypertension.
delirium has a rapid onset (hours to days)
dementia has a slow onset (months to years).
Alzhiemer's Disease What is the most common form of dementia?
stages of Alzheimer's disease 1. No apparent symptoms; 2. Very mild forgetfulness; 3. Mild decline noticed by
family/friends; 4. Confabulation may appear; 5. Loss of IADLs; 6. Loss of ADLs,
incontinence, wandering, behavior changes; 7. Severe loss of
communication/recognition.
prevent sundowning Daytime activity/light, limit naps, limit caffeine/sugar to morning, use nightlight
and familiar items, reduce evening stimulation/noise, use gentle familiar music.
Alzheimer's treatment cholinesterase medications like donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine help
preserve acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine Acetylcholine. What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with memory and
learning?
What is the peak onset age range for schizophrenia in 15-25 years.
males?
ataxia Uncoordinated muscle movements.
apraxia Inability to carry out purposeful motor activities.
aphasia Difficulty expressing or understanding language.
agraphia Impaired ability to write.
agnosia Inability to recognize familiar objects, people, sounds, or smells.
confabulation Making up events to fill memory gaps.
sundowning Confusion worsens in the late afternoon or evening.
pseudodementia A condition that looks like dementia but is caused by another condition.
neurocognitive disorder A decline in cognition or memory from previous function.
tolerance The need for more of the substance to achieve the same effect.
dependence Physical or psychological reliance on the substance.
withdrawal Predictable symptoms that occur after reducing or stopping a substance after
prolonged use.
alcohol intoxication symptoms include:
Slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, poor judgment, decreased
motor skills.
delirium tremens (DTs) A severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can be life-threatening.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome A condition caused by severe thiamine deficiency in chronic alcohol use.
Wernicke encephalopathy? symptoms include:
Confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia.
, Mental & Behavioral Health Exam 2
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome tx: Thiamine replacement.
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) A long-acting benzodiazepine for medically supervised alcohol detox.
Acamprosate (Campral) Helps maintain abstinence by reducing cravings.
Disulfiram (Antabuse) Causes nausea and vomiting when alcohol is consumed.
benzodiazepine Flumazenil is the antidote for __________________ overdose
opioid overdose symptoms include:
Respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and pinpoint pupils.
opioid antidote for an __________ overdose is Naloxone (Narcan).
stimulant intoxication symptoms include:
Euphoria, hyperactivity, hypervigilance, and hypertension.
delirium has a rapid onset (hours to days)
dementia has a slow onset (months to years).
Alzhiemer's Disease What is the most common form of dementia?
stages of Alzheimer's disease 1. No apparent symptoms; 2. Very mild forgetfulness; 3. Mild decline noticed by
family/friends; 4. Confabulation may appear; 5. Loss of IADLs; 6. Loss of ADLs,
incontinence, wandering, behavior changes; 7. Severe loss of
communication/recognition.
prevent sundowning Daytime activity/light, limit naps, limit caffeine/sugar to morning, use nightlight
and familiar items, reduce evening stimulation/noise, use gentle familiar music.
Alzheimer's treatment cholinesterase medications like donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine help
preserve acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine Acetylcholine. What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with memory and
learning?
What is the peak onset age range for schizophrenia in 15-25 years.
males?
