NURS 106 - NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED
LATEST UPDATE 2026
neuron - Answers Basic functional cell in nervous system
neurogila - Answers Glue connecting the system together
Astrocyte - Answers big neurogila found in CNS, maintain blood brain barrier
oligidendrocytes - Answers produce myeline in CNS
microglia - Answers produce crerspinal fluid
staellite cell - Answers surround the cell body, filter and control the system. can be in
from of cluster (ganglia)
Schwann cells - Answers produce meyline in PNS
Myeline - Answers helps to speed up electric impulse, around the axon
Demyelination - Answers electric impulse slow down/stop, leading neurological
symptom like weakness
healing potential of neuron - Answers neurons are amitotic, they do not divide once
they matured. the CNS blocks regrowth, but in PNS allows limited repair/slow and
partially
sensory neuron - Answers mostly unipolar neurons, locates in dorsal root ganglion as
an afferent fiber. carry info from sensory receptor to CNS. include somatic and
visceral sensory neuron
sensory receptor - Answers specialized cell or nerve ending that detect internal and
external changes
motor neuron - Answers multipolar neuron, locates in venture horn as an efferent
fiber. carry command from CNS to effectors. include somatic (skeletal muscle) and
visceral motor neurons (cardiac/smooth muscles and glands)
interneuron - Answers the neuron that connect sensory and motor neuron inside the
grey matter of the spine. analyze sensory input and decide what responde to make.
relay messages between sensory and motor neurons
pregnglionic fiber - Answers cell body locates in CNS, axon extends to ganglion in
PNS, myelinated
proganglionic fiber - Answers cell body locates in gagnlion, axon extends to effector
organ, unmelinated
action poteintial - Answers electircal impuse used for long distance communication
resting potential - Answers membrane potential at rest, -70mV
polarization - Answers any state of membrane potential is greater than 0
depolarization - Answers change in membrane potential, Na+ channel is open to
making the membrane less negative
repolarization - Answers change in membrane potential, K+ channel opens to make
the membrane negative again (back to rest)
hypolarization - Answers state that membrane potential become more negative than
resting potential
synapse - Answers sepcialized site for neuron to communicate with another
neuron/cell/gland
electrical synapse - Answers direct connection between 2 cell, ions flow between
neuron through protein channels
chemical synapse - Answers common synapse between neurons. the ONLY synapse
between neuron and other cells, involves neurotransmitter
, Neurotransmitters - Answers chemical released by neuron to affect the membrane
potential of another cell/neuron. released in synaptic cleft, exert on receptors in
postsynaptic membrane
neuromodulator - Answers released by neurotransmitter that makes cell less
senstive/more permeable
biogenic amines - Answers class of neurotransmitters that reuglate brain movement
neorepinephrine (NE) - Answers releasd from adrenergic synapses and received by
adrenergic receptors, responsible for consciousness, excitatory
epinephrine (adrenaline) - Answers released from the CNS (adrenal medulla),
responsible to prepare body to fight, excitatory
dopamine - Answers released from the brain/hypothalamus, regulate body
movement/nerve/impulses. too little of it leads to Parkinson's, too much leads to
illusion, both
serotonin - Answers released from the brian, effects the emotional state, sleep, and
appetite. too little of it leads to anxiety, inhabitory
histamine - Answers produced by mast cells, affects the learning and memory, make
you conscious and awake, both
amino acids - Answers class of neurotransmitter that controls the ion channel
glutamate - Answers most abundent neurotransmitter in CNS, responsible for open
Na+ and Ca2+ channels, effects learning and memory, excitatory
asparate - Answers locates in spinal cord and brain, helps transmt singals between
neurons and voluntary muscle control, excitatory
glycine - Answers locates in spinal cord, brainsteam, helps with motor movement
control
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - Answers oepens Cl- channel, help with
sleeping (anaesthetization makes it more effective)
neuropeptides - Answers class of neurotransmitter that fine tunes brain and body
response.
endogenous opioid - Answers group in neuropeptide that inhibit substance P and
binds to the same receptor as morphine and opium (pain killers)
enkephalins - Answers made of 5 peptides, locates in spinal cord and produced in the
brain, blocks the pain in spine
endorphins - Answers made of 9 or 10 peptides, locates in the pituitary gland,
hypothalamus, and brain steam; pain releaviers
dynorphin - Answers made of 17 peptides, locates in the brian and spinal cord, fine
tune pain and stress
dissolved gas - Answers includes NO and CO that deosnt not need be released,
directly diffuse into the cell membrane
post-synaptic potential - Answers a temporary change in the membrane potential of
the postsynaptic neuron membrane, caused by neurotransmitter binding to a receptor
excitatory post-synaptic potential - Answers synapse response to neurotransmitter
with excitatory response i.e. glutamate, asparate, ACh
Inhibitory post-synaptic potential - Answers synapse response to neurotransmitter
with inhabitory response i.e. GABA, glycine, serotonin
4 regions of spinal cord - Answers cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccyx nerves
ceresounal fluid (CSF) - Answers fluid that fils the subarachnoid space
posterior median sulcus - Answers the sulcus locates on the posteior spinal cord that
seperates the posterior and anterior
anterior median fissure - Answers deeo grove on the anterior spinal cord that allows
blood vessels to supply the spinal cord
LATEST UPDATE 2026
neuron - Answers Basic functional cell in nervous system
neurogila - Answers Glue connecting the system together
Astrocyte - Answers big neurogila found in CNS, maintain blood brain barrier
oligidendrocytes - Answers produce myeline in CNS
microglia - Answers produce crerspinal fluid
staellite cell - Answers surround the cell body, filter and control the system. can be in
from of cluster (ganglia)
Schwann cells - Answers produce meyline in PNS
Myeline - Answers helps to speed up electric impulse, around the axon
Demyelination - Answers electric impulse slow down/stop, leading neurological
symptom like weakness
healing potential of neuron - Answers neurons are amitotic, they do not divide once
they matured. the CNS blocks regrowth, but in PNS allows limited repair/slow and
partially
sensory neuron - Answers mostly unipolar neurons, locates in dorsal root ganglion as
an afferent fiber. carry info from sensory receptor to CNS. include somatic and
visceral sensory neuron
sensory receptor - Answers specialized cell or nerve ending that detect internal and
external changes
motor neuron - Answers multipolar neuron, locates in venture horn as an efferent
fiber. carry command from CNS to effectors. include somatic (skeletal muscle) and
visceral motor neurons (cardiac/smooth muscles and glands)
interneuron - Answers the neuron that connect sensory and motor neuron inside the
grey matter of the spine. analyze sensory input and decide what responde to make.
relay messages between sensory and motor neurons
pregnglionic fiber - Answers cell body locates in CNS, axon extends to ganglion in
PNS, myelinated
proganglionic fiber - Answers cell body locates in gagnlion, axon extends to effector
organ, unmelinated
action poteintial - Answers electircal impuse used for long distance communication
resting potential - Answers membrane potential at rest, -70mV
polarization - Answers any state of membrane potential is greater than 0
depolarization - Answers change in membrane potential, Na+ channel is open to
making the membrane less negative
repolarization - Answers change in membrane potential, K+ channel opens to make
the membrane negative again (back to rest)
hypolarization - Answers state that membrane potential become more negative than
resting potential
synapse - Answers sepcialized site for neuron to communicate with another
neuron/cell/gland
electrical synapse - Answers direct connection between 2 cell, ions flow between
neuron through protein channels
chemical synapse - Answers common synapse between neurons. the ONLY synapse
between neuron and other cells, involves neurotransmitter
, Neurotransmitters - Answers chemical released by neuron to affect the membrane
potential of another cell/neuron. released in synaptic cleft, exert on receptors in
postsynaptic membrane
neuromodulator - Answers released by neurotransmitter that makes cell less
senstive/more permeable
biogenic amines - Answers class of neurotransmitters that reuglate brain movement
neorepinephrine (NE) - Answers releasd from adrenergic synapses and received by
adrenergic receptors, responsible for consciousness, excitatory
epinephrine (adrenaline) - Answers released from the CNS (adrenal medulla),
responsible to prepare body to fight, excitatory
dopamine - Answers released from the brain/hypothalamus, regulate body
movement/nerve/impulses. too little of it leads to Parkinson's, too much leads to
illusion, both
serotonin - Answers released from the brian, effects the emotional state, sleep, and
appetite. too little of it leads to anxiety, inhabitory
histamine - Answers produced by mast cells, affects the learning and memory, make
you conscious and awake, both
amino acids - Answers class of neurotransmitter that controls the ion channel
glutamate - Answers most abundent neurotransmitter in CNS, responsible for open
Na+ and Ca2+ channels, effects learning and memory, excitatory
asparate - Answers locates in spinal cord and brain, helps transmt singals between
neurons and voluntary muscle control, excitatory
glycine - Answers locates in spinal cord, brainsteam, helps with motor movement
control
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - Answers oepens Cl- channel, help with
sleeping (anaesthetization makes it more effective)
neuropeptides - Answers class of neurotransmitter that fine tunes brain and body
response.
endogenous opioid - Answers group in neuropeptide that inhibit substance P and
binds to the same receptor as morphine and opium (pain killers)
enkephalins - Answers made of 5 peptides, locates in spinal cord and produced in the
brain, blocks the pain in spine
endorphins - Answers made of 9 or 10 peptides, locates in the pituitary gland,
hypothalamus, and brain steam; pain releaviers
dynorphin - Answers made of 17 peptides, locates in the brian and spinal cord, fine
tune pain and stress
dissolved gas - Answers includes NO and CO that deosnt not need be released,
directly diffuse into the cell membrane
post-synaptic potential - Answers a temporary change in the membrane potential of
the postsynaptic neuron membrane, caused by neurotransmitter binding to a receptor
excitatory post-synaptic potential - Answers synapse response to neurotransmitter
with excitatory response i.e. glutamate, asparate, ACh
Inhibitory post-synaptic potential - Answers synapse response to neurotransmitter
with inhabitory response i.e. GABA, glycine, serotonin
4 regions of spinal cord - Answers cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccyx nerves
ceresounal fluid (CSF) - Answers fluid that fils the subarachnoid space
posterior median sulcus - Answers the sulcus locates on the posteior spinal cord that
seperates the posterior and anterior
anterior median fissure - Answers deeo grove on the anterior spinal cord that allows
blood vessels to supply the spinal cord
