https://www.stuvia.com/user/papersprime
Advanced Pharmacology Exam TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED
1.Once you graduate from an NP program, in order to prescribe you'll need:-
: -Advanced nurse prescriber license
-DEA #
2.What is the purpose of a DEA #?: Needed to prescribed scheduled drugs
3.Rules for prescribing Schedule II drugs:: -Written script needed
-1 month supply only
-No refills
4.What is the PDMP?: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
Used to effectively track patient's controlled substance uses across different health
facilities (in the same state)
5.What are clinical practice guidelines?: Recommendations that are intended to
optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of the evidence and an
assessment of the benefits/harms of alternative care practices
Ex: sepsis, CAP
6.Common causes of medication errors:: -Illegible writing
-Drug names that sound alike
-Medications that look alike
-Administering a drug with the wrong route
7.What is pharmacokinetics? What are its 4 categories?: What the body does to the
drug
1.Absorption
2.Metabolism
3.Distribution
4.Excretion
8.Quickest route of absorption? Slowest?: IV = quickest
, .
IM = slowest
9.What is the most common way drugs pass through cell membranes?: Passive diffusion
10. What characteristics of a drug allow it to pass most quickly through cell
membranes (usually through passive diffusion)?: Small, uncharged (unionized), lipid
soluble--pass through membrane without any energy
11 What does it mean when a drug is ionized?: It means that the drug is stuck in the
compartment it was ionized in and has to be moved to the next compartment (cannot be
absorbed into the bloodstream)
12. Where do weak acids absorb?: Stomach
13. Where do weak bases absorb?: Small intestine
14. pH of stomach:: 2-4
15. pH of small intestine:: 6-7
16. pH of large intestine:: 6-7
17. pH of bloodstream:: 7.35-7.45
18. pH of bladder:: 5-8
19. pH of breastmilk:: 7.1
20. Where will a drug absorb if it is a weak base that ionizes at a pH of 4 and
lower?: In the small intestine (since the stomach has a pH of 2-4, so the drug will become
ionized and move to the small intestine where it will be able to absorb into the
bloodstream)
21. How can we manipulate the urine pH in cases of overdose?: Drugs that are weak
acids (aspirin) can be trapped and excreted through the urine.
We raise pH of the urine (with sodium bicarb) to force the drug to ionize and allow it to
be excreted, not reabsorbed through the bloodstream.
22. What is distribution?: How a drug will be transported to the tissues it needs to go
to in order for it to exert its effects
23. Drug factors related to distribution:: -Lipid solubility -Molecular size
-Degree of ionization
-Duration of action
-Cellular binding
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/papersprime
Advanced Pharmacology Exam TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED
-Therapeutic effects
-Toxic effects
(lipid soluble, small, and non-ionized drugs will distribute more quickly)
24. Body factors related to distribution:: -Vascularity (poor perfusion, disruption of
blood flow due
to trauma--difficulty distributing)
-Blood barriers (blood-brain-barrier can be problematic if we need to get drugs to the
brain--will need very high dosing since only a small amount of the drug will get through)
-Transport mechanisms
-Plasma binding proteins
-Disease states
-Volume of distribution
-Drug interactions
25. What is the key plasma protein involved with protein binding for medications?:
Albumin
26. Why do we monitor albumin?: Indicative of nutritional status and how well
protein-bound drugs will be transported to their target locations
27. What happens to the therapeutic effect of a drug when the patient is elderly
and has very low levels of albumin?: The drug does not bind to the protein (albumin) as
much as expected, so there is a lot of free drug floating in the plasma; high risk for drug
toxicity
28. Protein bound means:: Inactive form of the drug; does not have any therapeutic
effect when bound to a protein
29. Free drug means:: Active form of the drug (available for therapeutic effect)
30. What happens when a patient is on two drugs that are competing for the
same protein binding site on the albumin?: Some drug interactions can occur. Drugs fight
for
Advanced Pharmacology Exam TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED
1.Once you graduate from an NP program, in order to prescribe you'll need:-
: -Advanced nurse prescriber license
-DEA #
2.What is the purpose of a DEA #?: Needed to prescribed scheduled drugs
3.Rules for prescribing Schedule II drugs:: -Written script needed
-1 month supply only
-No refills
4.What is the PDMP?: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
Used to effectively track patient's controlled substance uses across different health
facilities (in the same state)
5.What are clinical practice guidelines?: Recommendations that are intended to
optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of the evidence and an
assessment of the benefits/harms of alternative care practices
Ex: sepsis, CAP
6.Common causes of medication errors:: -Illegible writing
-Drug names that sound alike
-Medications that look alike
-Administering a drug with the wrong route
7.What is pharmacokinetics? What are its 4 categories?: What the body does to the
drug
1.Absorption
2.Metabolism
3.Distribution
4.Excretion
8.Quickest route of absorption? Slowest?: IV = quickest
, .
IM = slowest
9.What is the most common way drugs pass through cell membranes?: Passive diffusion
10. What characteristics of a drug allow it to pass most quickly through cell
membranes (usually through passive diffusion)?: Small, uncharged (unionized), lipid
soluble--pass through membrane without any energy
11 What does it mean when a drug is ionized?: It means that the drug is stuck in the
compartment it was ionized in and has to be moved to the next compartment (cannot be
absorbed into the bloodstream)
12. Where do weak acids absorb?: Stomach
13. Where do weak bases absorb?: Small intestine
14. pH of stomach:: 2-4
15. pH of small intestine:: 6-7
16. pH of large intestine:: 6-7
17. pH of bloodstream:: 7.35-7.45
18. pH of bladder:: 5-8
19. pH of breastmilk:: 7.1
20. Where will a drug absorb if it is a weak base that ionizes at a pH of 4 and
lower?: In the small intestine (since the stomach has a pH of 2-4, so the drug will become
ionized and move to the small intestine where it will be able to absorb into the
bloodstream)
21. How can we manipulate the urine pH in cases of overdose?: Drugs that are weak
acids (aspirin) can be trapped and excreted through the urine.
We raise pH of the urine (with sodium bicarb) to force the drug to ionize and allow it to
be excreted, not reabsorbed through the bloodstream.
22. What is distribution?: How a drug will be transported to the tissues it needs to go
to in order for it to exert its effects
23. Drug factors related to distribution:: -Lipid solubility -Molecular size
-Degree of ionization
-Duration of action
-Cellular binding
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/papersprime
Advanced Pharmacology Exam TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED
-Therapeutic effects
-Toxic effects
(lipid soluble, small, and non-ionized drugs will distribute more quickly)
24. Body factors related to distribution:: -Vascularity (poor perfusion, disruption of
blood flow due
to trauma--difficulty distributing)
-Blood barriers (blood-brain-barrier can be problematic if we need to get drugs to the
brain--will need very high dosing since only a small amount of the drug will get through)
-Transport mechanisms
-Plasma binding proteins
-Disease states
-Volume of distribution
-Drug interactions
25. What is the key plasma protein involved with protein binding for medications?:
Albumin
26. Why do we monitor albumin?: Indicative of nutritional status and how well
protein-bound drugs will be transported to their target locations
27. What happens to the therapeutic effect of a drug when the patient is elderly
and has very low levels of albumin?: The drug does not bind to the protein (albumin) as
much as expected, so there is a lot of free drug floating in the plasma; high risk for drug
toxicity
28. Protein bound means:: Inactive form of the drug; does not have any therapeutic
effect when bound to a protein
29. Free drug means:: Active form of the drug (available for therapeutic effect)
30. What happens when a patient is on two drugs that are competing for the
same protein binding site on the albumin?: Some drug interactions can occur. Drugs fight
for
